06. The Ear, Hearing and Balance Flashcards
The Auditory System
Hearing is the process of translating ____ into ____ which are then interpreted by the ____ as sounds
- AIR PRESSURE WAVES
- ELECTRICAL SIGNALS
- BRAIN
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The Auditory System
What is the name of the 3 bones that make up the ossicle
- MALLEUS
- INCUS
- STAPES
Mallet is a form of hammer, mallet sounds like MALLEUS
INCus (INK) sounds like TINK, the noise an anvil makes when hit
Stirrup begins with “ST”, like STapes
AKA - hammer, anvil, and stirrup
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The Auditory System
The bones malleus, incus, stapes make up what component of the auditory system
OSSICLE
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The Auditory System
How many chambers separated by membranes is the cochlea made up of
3
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The Auditory System
The middle ear is filled with what
The inner ear is filled with what
- AIR
- LIQUID
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The Auditory System
Pressure waves in the fluid of the inner ear set up a pattern of waves in the what membrane
BASILAR MEMBRANE
- Wave grows progressively until it reaches peak
- Position of peak depends on frequency of the wave
- Different frequencies produce vibrations at different positions
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The Auditory System
What are the sensors along the basilar membrane made from
HAIR
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The Auditory System
What is the purpose of the eustachian tube
EQUIALISE AIR PRESSURE
equalise air pressure between outer and middle ear
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The Auditory System
What is the name of the auditory system component that equalises pressure between the outer and middle ear
EUSTACHIAN TUBE
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The Auditory System
What does the eustachian tube connect to
MIDDLE EAR to CAVITY AT BACK OF NOSE
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The Auditory System
An injury to the ear drum as a result of pressure changes is a form of what sort of trauma
BAROTRAUMA
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The Auditory System
What is the method name given to pinching your nose and steadily blowing to try and equalise the pressure by forcing the eustachian tube open
VALSALVA METHOD
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The Auditory System
You must not fly when you are suffering from what 2 conditions
- COLD
- EAR INFECTION
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The Vestibular System
The name of the system that provides essential information for the body to maintain its posture and stabilise retinal images during head movements
VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
THINK
VE ery ST able = VEST ibular
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The Vestibular System
What is the purpose of the vestibular system
- MAINTAIN BODY POSTURE
- STABILISE RETINAL IMAGERY
provides essential information for the body to maintain its posture and stabilise rentinal images during head movements
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The Vestibular System
Lable the following components in the vestibular system
Saccule
Ampulla
Anterior Canal
Lateral Canal
Utricle
Posterior Canal
The Vestibular System
The vestibular system comprises of ____ chambers and ____ semi-circular canals
- 2
- 3
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The Vestibular System
The utricle is orientated ____
The saccule is orientated ____
- HORIZONTALLY
- VERTICALLY
REMEMBER
Saccule = the Sky is straight up vertically
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The Vestibular System
The name of the hair-like sensors within the utricle and saccule that have tiny crystals of calcium attached which sense the effects of gravity and linear acceleration
OTOLITHS
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The Vestibular System
What are otoliths
HAIR-LIKE SENSORS
mounted in the utricle and saccule
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The Vestibular System
What is the 2 purposes of the otoliths
- GRAVITY - infer head tilt in respect to gravity
- LINEAR ACCELERTION - detect linear acceleration
Tilting bends hairs, which sends signals to the brain via the vestibular nerves
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The Vestibular System
The semi-circular canals connect to what in the vestibular system
AMPULLA
Blub like formations on which there are sets of hair like sensors
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The Vestibular System
Canals detect ____ accelerations
Utricle and Saccule detect ____ accelerations
- ANGULAR
- LINEAR
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Anatomy of the ear
The ear component that separates the outer ear from the middle ear
EAR DRUM
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Causes of hearing loss
Exposure to sound levels above ____dB can cause immedate and permanent damage
120 dB
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Causes of hearing loss
What does NIHL stand for
NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS
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Causes of hearing loss
Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is what sort of trauma
ACOUSTIC TRAUMA
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Causes of hearing loss
Prolonged exposure to sound levels above ____dB can cause gradual permanent hearing loss
90 dB
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Causes of hearing loss
The frequency range of hearing loss that characterises gradual onset of NIHL
3-6 kHz
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Causes of hearing loss
How can Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) be prevented
WEARING EAR PROTECTION
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Causes of hearing loss
A defect with the MIDDLE or OUTER ear preventing sound from being transmitted to the inner ear is known as what
CONDUCTIVE DEAFNESS
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Causes of hearing loss
What are 4 key causes of conductive deafness
- ____: glue ear
- ____ : bone growth
- ____ : physical damage
- ____ : excessive accumulation
- OTITIS MEDIA - glue ear
- OSTEOSCLEROSIS - bone growth interering with strape movement
- EAR DRUM - physical damage
- WAX - excessive accumulation
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Causes of hearing loss
What are 4 key causes of conductive deafness;
- OTITIS MEDIA : ____
- OSTEOSCLEROSIS : ____
- EAR DRUM : ____
- WAX : ____
- OTITIS MEDIA - glue ear, middle part of ear fills with fluid
- OSTEOSCLEROSIS - bone growth interering with strape movement
- EAR DRUM - physical damage
- WAX - excessive accumulation
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Causes of hearing loss
An age related hearing loss condition
PRESBYCUSIS
REMEMBER
PRESsing on in age = PRESbycusis
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Causes of hearing loss
A hearing condition in which the sufferer hears sounds (high pitched tones)
TINNITUS
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Causes of hearing loss
What is the cause of presbycusis
What is the symptom of tinnitus
- AGE
- HEARING SOUNDS
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Air sickness
What is the cause of motion sickness
MISMATCHED SIGNALS
mismatch between movements the brain detects visual and movements the brain detects through inputs from the vestibular system and the mechanoreceptors
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Air sickness
What is the most common of the mismatched signals causing motion sickness
ACCELERATIONS vs VISUAL
Accelerations detected by the vestibular system but not the visual system
i.e. feeling the acceleration of the aircraft but seeing a stationary bulkhead
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Ace Test
The ear comprises of 3 major sections;
The ____ channels sound to the eardrum
The ____ transmits vibrations of the ear drum to the fluid in the ____.
This translates fluid vibrations into electrical auditor nerve signals.
- OUTER EAR
- MIDDLE EAR
- INNER EAR
