04. The Atmosphere, Oxygen and Respiration Flashcards
Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
What is the principle organ in the respiratory system
LUNGS
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
Air entering the mouth passes through the ____ and ____ before entering the ____
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
What 2 channels does air pass through before entering into the trachea
- Pharynx
- Larynx
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
What is the diameter of the trachea
1.8 cm
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
The trachea branches off into what
BRONCHI
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
The bronchi terminate in the what
ALVEOLI
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Anatomy of the Respiratory System
What happens to the air progressively as it passes through the passages and why
WARMED and MOISTENED
TRAP PARTICILES
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Anatomy of the Respiratory System
“Small, spherical bag like structures grouped into clusters” is describing what
AVEOLAR SACKS
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
The membrane wall of each aveolus is how thin
0.5 microns
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
What type of blood vessel surrounds the aveolus
CAPILLARIES
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
On average, how many aveoli are there in a healthy male lung
300 million
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Anatomy of the Respiratory System
The total area of gas exchange in the alveoli is approximately how much in volume
80m^2
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Anatomy of the Respiratory System
What do O2 molecules bind to and what are they carried by
- HAEMOGLOBIN
- RED BLOOD CELLS
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Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Process of taking oxygen from the air and diffusing O2 into the blood stream, whilst expelling unwanted gases is known as what
EXTERNAL RESPIRATION
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Anatomy of the Respiratory System
The use of oxygen within each cell to create energy by oxidising fuel is known as what
INTERNAL RESPIRATION
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
What is the definition of EXTERNAL respiration
What is the definition of INTERNAL respiration
- Taking oxygen from air, difussing into the blood stream
- Using oxygen in each cell to create energy through oxidisation
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
The bronchi has LITTLE or LOTS of ability to hold itself open.
LITTLE
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
What are 2 implications of the lung given that bronchi has little or no ability to hold itself open
- LUNG COLLAPSE - air pressure drops below pressure in chest
- LUNGS NOT CAPABLE OF INFLATING THEMSELVES
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Anatomy of the Respiratory System
The lungs and heart are located in the chest. This is known as the what
THORAX
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Anatomy of the Respiratory System
The thorax is lined by a membrane that makes the cavity what
AIR TIGHT
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Anatomy of the Respiratory System
The thorax is separated from the cavity of the abdomen by a large muscled called what
DIAPHRAGM
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
The thorax is separated from the cavity of the abdomen by a large muscled called what
DIAPHRAGM
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
What is the name of the membrane that lines the outer surface of the lungs
PLEURAL MEMBRANE
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
What is the space between the pleural membrane and the lungs called
PLEURAL CAVITY
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
What shape is the resting state of the diaphram
DOME
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
When the diaphragm flattens out, what happens to the pleural cavity
VOLUME INCREASES
volume increases, meaning pressure decreases, meaning the lungs expand and draw in air
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
What causes the pleural cavity to increase
DIAPHRAGM FLATTENS
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
Describe the processes of what causes air to be drawn into the lungs and CO2 expelled.
Heart and lungs are in an air tight cavity in the chest called thorax
Cavity separated from abdomen by muscle called diaphragm
Lungs surrounded by a membrane called pleural membrane
Space between lungs and pleural membrane is called pleural cavity
When diaphragm is flattened, this increases volume of pleural cavity.
Increased volume means decreased pressure, which means air is drawn into the lungs
When diagram is rested, it creates a dome shape, decreasing volume in plueral cavity
This increases pressure in lungs, expelling CO2
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
What is the name of the muscle that lifts the ribs upwards and outwards to help increase the volume of the chest
INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
What is the purpose of the intercostal muscles
LIFT RIBS UPWARDS and OUTWARDS
To increase space in the pleural cavity
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
What is the name of the tool used to measure air moving into and out of the lungs
SPIROMETER
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
What is the maximum lung volume
What is the maximum lung volume called
- 6 LTR
- TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
When breathing out, how much air remains within the lungs
What is this volume known as
- 1.4 LTR
- RESIDUAL VOLUME
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
What is the name given to the volume of air breathed in and out
TIDAL VOLUME
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
What is the average volume of air breathed in and out in the tidal volume
500 ml
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Anatomy of thye Respiratory System
As demand for ____ increases, the tidal volume INCREASES or DECREASES
- OXYGEN
- INCREASES
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