09. Personal Health and Hygiene (sec 5 - 9) Flashcards
1
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
What 3 types of organism thrive in warm wet conditions
A
- PARASITES
- BACTERIA
- VIRUSES
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2
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
What is an oversight risk of Europeans when in warm wet conditions
A
SMALL CUTS and ABRASIONS
failing to attend to small cuts and abrasions that develop into septic sores
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3
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
Heatstroke and sunstroke brought on my excessive exposure to heat is also known as
A
HYPERTHERMIA
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4
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
Hyperthermia brought on through excessive exposure to heat can be known by what 2 terms
A
- HEATSTROKE
- SUNSTROKE
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5
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
In hot, humid conditions, what is prevented from happening that impacts the bodies ability to do what
A
- SWEAT EVAPORATION
- REGULATE BODY TEMPERATURE
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6
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
What are 4 early onset symptoms of heatstroke;
- ____ : feeling hot
- ____ : greyscale
- ____ : colour
- ____ : rapid
A
- HIGH TEMPERATURE
- DRY SKIN
- VERY PINK SKIN
- HIGH PULSE RATE
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7
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
What is the best means of treatment for someone suffering heatstroke
A
RAPID COOLING
cool water or air conditioned room
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8
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
Malaria is caused by what
A
PARASITE CARRIED BY MOSQUITOES
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9
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
A disease carried my mosquitoes caused by a parasite
A
MALARIA
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10
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
What are 4 symptoms of malaria
- ____ : feeling sick
- ____ : shivery, hot flushes, sweating
- ____ : unconscious
- ____ : 6ft under
A
- FLU
- HIGH FEVER
- COMA
- DEATH
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11
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
What are 2 methods of avoiding being bitten by malaria carrying mosquitoes
A
- OUTSIDE AT NIGHT : avoid sitting outside at night
- LONG CLOTHING : wear long trousers and socks
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12
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
The name of a disease carried by mosquitoes caused by a virus
A
YELLOW FEVER
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13
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
What is a preventative measure to take to avoid contracting yellow fever
A
VACCINATION
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14
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
What are the 3 initial symptoms of yellow fever
A
- FEVER
- NAUSEA
- PAIN
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15
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
Untreated initial symptoms of yellow fever can develop into what 2 more serious conditions.
A
- INTERNAL BLEEDING
- LIVER FAILURE
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16
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
The name of a bacterial infection caused by coming into contact with the coughs, sneezes or spit of infected individuals
A
TUBERCULOSIS
(TB)
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17
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
Tuberculosis is what type of infection
A
BACTERIAL
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18
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
How is tuberculosis spread
A
- COUGH
- SNEEZE
- SPIT
coming into contact with infected individuals
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19
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
What size of the world population is thought to be infected with tuberculosis
A
1/3
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20
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
What is the best method of protection from tuberculosis
A
BCG VACCINE
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21
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
In poorer less developed countries, there is an increased risk in what sort of illnesses
A
WATERBORNE ILLNESSES
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22
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
Cholera is what sort of infection
A
BACTERIAL
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23
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
2 types of waterborne infections spread through faecally contaminated water or food
A
- CHOLERA
- TYPHOID FEVER
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24
Q
Health risks in tropical climates
How is CHOLERA usually transmitted
A
FAECALLY CONTAMINATED WATER
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25
# Health risks in tropical climates
What are the 3 key symptoms of *cholera*
1. WATERY DIARRHOEA
2. VOMITING
3. DEHYDRATION
## Footnote
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26
# Health risks in tropical climates
What is the best means of treatment for *cholera*
ORAL REHYDRATION
clean fluids and electrolytes
## Footnote
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27
# Health risks in tropical climates
The name of an infection that causes inflammation of the liver caused by a viral infection
HEPATITIS
## Footnote
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28
# Health risks in tropical climates
What are some of the symptoms associated with *hepatitis*
1. SYMPTOMLESS
or;
1. JAUNDINCE
2. MALAISE
3. WEAKNESS & FEVER
## Footnote
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29
# Health risks in tropical climates
How is *hepatitis* spread;
1. Hepatitis A
2. Hepatitis B & C
1. CONTAMINATED FOOD and WATER
2. DIRECT CONTACT : blood
## Footnote
*REMEMBER* B for *B*LOOD and A for W*A*TER
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30
# Health risks in tropical climates
What are the typical treatments for;
1. Hepatitis A
2. Hepatitis B & C
1. VACCINE
2. ANTIVIRAL DRUGS
## Footnote
**REMEMBER**
Hep A - one letter, vaccine one word. Remember the 'aaaa' sound in v'aaa'cine ah = Hep AY
Hep B & C - two letters, Antiviral Drugs two words. Remember A B C D from Drugs
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31
# Health risks in tropical climates
What are the 4 key symptoms of *Typhoid fever*
1. RISING FEVER
2. SWEATING
3. GASTRO-ENTERITIS
4. DIARRHOEA
## Footnote
**REMEMBER**
Typhoid *FEVER*
A fever breaks with *SWEATS*
Remember Ty*VOID* - void in the stomach as you have diarrhoea
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32
# Health risks in tropical climates
Besides 4 key symptoms of rising fever, sweating, gastro-enteritis, and diarrhoea, what 2 other symptoms may be present with *typhoid fever*
1. ABDOMINAL PAIN
2. RED SPOTS ON CHEST
## Footnote
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33
# Health risks in tropical climates
What are the 2 typical treatments for *typhoid fever*
1. REHYDRATION
2. ANTIBIOTIC DRUGS
## Footnote
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34
# Health risks in tropical climates
What are 4 typical symptoms of *intestinal parasites*
1. WEIGHT LOSS
2. ABDOMINAL PAIN
3. NAUSEA
4. CHRONIC FATIGUE
## Footnote
*To have intestinal parasites is really wank(c)!*
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35
# Health risks in tropical climates
What is the typical treatment for *intestinal parasites*
ANTI-PARASITIC DRUGS
metronidazole
## Footnote
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36
# Health risks in tropical climates
Intestinal worms can be transmitted via contaminated food and water. What other method can parasites invade the body
PENETRATE THROUGH SKIN
## Footnote
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37
# Health risks in tropical climates
What is the best method of prevention for sexually transmitted diseases
CONDOM
## Footnote
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38
# Health risks in tropical climates
A viral disease that attacks the brain
RABIES
## Footnote
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39
# Health risks in tropical climates
What are the 5 worsening symptoms of *rabies*
1. MALAISE
2. FEVER
3. SEVERE HEADACHE
4. VIOLENT MOOD SWING
5. PATHOLOGICAL FEAR OF WATER
## Footnote
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40
# Health risks in tropical climates
The most common source of contracting *rabies*
BITTEN BY DOG
## Footnote
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41
# Health risks in tropical climates
What action must you take and suspect you have been bitten by a rabid animal
**IMMEDIATELY** WASH WOUND FOR 5 MINUTES
## Footnote
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42
# Health risks in tropical climates
What are 3 methods of disinfection of aircraft arriving from countries with increased risk of disease carrying insepcts
1. QUICK ACTING INSECTICIDE : before take off, passengers onboard
2. LONG LASTING INSECTICIDE : before passengers embark
3. REUGULAR APPLICATION OF INSECTICIDE : all surface apart from food prep areas
## Footnote
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43
# Intoxication
In Europe, what are the 2 most common legal intoxicants
1. ALCOHOL
2. NICOTINE
3. CAFFEINE
## Footnote
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44
# Intoxication
At *LOW* doses, nicotine acts as a ____
At *HIGH* doses, nicotine acts as a ____
1. STIMULANT
2. RELAXANT
## Footnote
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45
# Intoxication
*LOW* doses of nicotine improve what 4 functions
1. CONCENTRATION
2. MEMORY
3. ALERTNESS
4. AROUSAL
## Footnote
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46
# Intoxication
*HIGH* doses of nicotine has what sort of effect
SEDATIVE EFFECT
## Footnote
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47
# Intoxication
5 major risk factors related to smoking
1. HEART ATTACK
2. STROKE
3. LUNG DISEASE
4. EMPHYSEMA
5. CANCER
## Footnote
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48
# Intoxication
The 4 most common forms of cancer associated with smoking
1. LUNG
2. MOUTH
3. LARYNX
4. PANCREASE
## Footnote
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49
# Intoxication
What 2 elements does tabacco smoke contain
1. CARBON MONOXIDE
2. CYANIDE
## Footnote
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50
# Intoxication
In relation to the *Alveoli*, what 2 effects does smoking have
1. REDUCED ELASTICITY
2. REDUCED ABILITY TO DIFFUSE OXYGEN : smoke clogs the surface
## Footnote
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51
# Intoxication
A pilot who smokes will suffer more from what dangerous condition associated to flying at altitude
HYPOXIA
## Footnote
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52
# Intoxication
In regards to a smoker vs a non-smoker and the onset of *hypoxia*, what is one of the first symptoms a smoker will suffer from
REDUCTION IN NIGHT VISION CAPABILITY
## Footnote
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53
# Intoxication
Tabacco smoke causes a *WIDENING or NARROWING* of the blood vessels, an *INCREASE or DECREASE* in blood platelets, which in turn has what effect on the blood
1. NARROWING
2. INCREASE
3. INCREASED VISCOSITY
## Footnote
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54
# Intoxication
Smoking increases the strain on the heart, which in turn increases the risk of what
STROKE
## Footnote
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55
# Intoxication
Smoking impedes on what body system that leads to higher incidence of illness
IMMUNE SYSTEM
## Footnote
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56
# Intoxication
Caffeine is a ____ stimulant, which acts on the ____ system
1. PSYCHOACTIVE
2. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)
## Footnote
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57
# Intoxication
The stimulant effect of caffine results in what 3 things
1. INCREASED ALERTNESS & WAKEFULNESS
2. FASTER & CLEARER THOUGHT
3. IMPROVED MUSCLE COORDINATION
## Footnote
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58
# Intoxication
An overdose of caffeine happens with more than ____mg, which produces over-stimulation of the CNS
400 mg
## Footnote
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59
# Intoxication
An overdose of caffeine has what 9 possible undersirable effects;
1. ____ : jitters
2. ____ : fidgety
3. ____ : anxious
4. ____ : very happy
5. ____ : very awake
6. ____ : weee
7. ____ : moody
8. ____ : confused
9. ____ : heart beat
1. MUSCLE TREMORS : jitters
2. RESTLESSNESS : fidgety
3. NERVOUSNESS : anxious
4. EUPHORIA : very happy
5. INSOMNIA : very awake
6. EXCESSIVE URINATION : weee
7. IRRITABILITY : moody
8. UNCOORDINATIED THOUGHT PROCESS : confused
9. IRREGULAR or RAPID : heart beat
## Footnote
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60
# Intoxication
A very large overdose on caffeine causes what 4 symptoms
1. MANIA
2. DEPRESSION
3. LAPSE IN JUDGEMENT
4. DELUSIONS
## Footnote
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61
# Intoxication
Alcohol is considered to be what sort of drug
PSYCHOACTIVE
## Footnote
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62
# Intoxication
Signs of intoxication from alcohol and degradation of flying performance can occur in concetrations as low as ____mg per ____ml ( ____% )
1. 40 mg
2. 100 ml
3. 0.04%
## Footnote
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63
# Intoxication
Alcohol can be fatal in doses as low as ____mg per ____ml ( ____% )
1. 400 mg
2. 100 ml
3. 0.4%
## Footnote
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64
# Intoxication
What is the legal limit of alcohol in the system as stipulated by EASE law
0.2 grams of blood alcohol concentration per litre of blood
OR;
national statutory limit
| WHICHEVER IS LOWEST
## Footnote
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65
In moderate consumption, the 3 short term feelings alcohol can induce are what
1. RELAXATION
2. EUPHORIA
3. WELLBEING
## Footnote
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66
# Intoxication
In moderate consumption, alcohol can reduce inhibition, resulting in what 3 things
1. OVERCONFIDENCE
2. IMPAIRED JUDGEMENT & REASONING
3. INCREASED IMPULSIVENESS
## Footnote
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67
# Intoxication
High doses of alcohol can have what type of effect on the body, leading to what 3 things
1. SEDATIVE EFFECT
2. DROWSINESS
3. IMPARIED MEMORY
4. DELAYED REACTIONS
## Footnote
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68
# Intoxication
Very high doses of alcohol and result in what 4 conditions
1. EMOTIONAL INSTABILITY
2. CONFUSION
3. UNCONSCIOUSNESS
4. DEATH
## Footnote
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69
Low doses of alcohol before sleep have what effect in regards to falling asleep
REDUCE TIME TO GET TO SLEEP
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70
# Intoxication
In regards to sleep, low doses of alcohol can critically affect what
SLEEP PATTERN
## Footnote
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71
# Intoxication
The affect of alcohol on sleep pattern produces the same symptoms as what
SLEEP DEPRIVATION
## Footnote
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72
# Intoxication
A person suffering from sleep deprivation as a result of alcohol use will have what 4 symptoms
1. CHRONIC FATIGUE
2. IRRITABILITY
3. MEMORY LOSS
4. DESIRE FOR MORE SLEEP
## Footnote
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73
# Intoxication
Long term alcohol abuse can result in the following;
1. ____ : scarring of liver
2. ____ : made larger
3. ____ : causes frequent seizures
4. ____ : numbness, weakness, tingling in limbs
5. ____ : loss of mind
6. ____ : inability to absorb nutrients in the stomach and intenstine
7. ____ : need for viagra
8. ____ : upset family
9. ____ : dead
10. ____ : addicted
1. CIRRHOSIS OF LIVER : scarring of liver
2. INFLAMMED PANCREAS : made larger
3. EPILEPSY : causes frequent seizures
4. PERHIPERAL NERVE DAMAGE : numbness, weakness, tingling in limbs
5. DEMENTIA : loss of mind
6. MALNUTRITION : inability to absorb nutrients in the stomach and intenstine
7. SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION : need for viagra
8. RELATIONSHIP PROBLEMS : upset family
9. DEATH : dead
10. ALCOHOLISM : addicted
## Footnote
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74
# Intoxication
External factors in life can lead to alcohol dependency. 6 common factors are;
1. ____ : inability to cope
2. ____ : sad
3. ____ : family
4. ____ : my boss doesnt like me
5. ____ : solicitors
6. ____ : money
1. STRESSFUL SITUATIONS : inability to cope
2. DEPRESSION : sad
3. RELATIONSHIPS : family
4. WORK : my boss doesnt like me
5. LEGAL ISSUES : solicitors
6. FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES : money
## Footnote
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75
# Intoxication
The slow progression from regular intake of alcohol to alcohol dependency is usually accompanied by a number of danger signals;
1. ____ : very thirsty!
2. ____ : need a buzz
3. ____ : everyone stopped
4. ____ : bad feeling
5. ____ : a feeling when confronted
1. GUPLING FIRST DRINK : very thirsty!
2. NEED ALCOHOL TO FEEL GOOD : need a buzz
3. CONTINUING DRINKING BEYOND EVERYONE ELSE STOPPING : everyone stopped
4. GUILTY : bad feeling
5. ANGER or IRRITABILITY : a feeling when confronted
## Footnote
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76
# Intoxication
The signs and symptoms that someone has full blown alcohol dependency;
1. ____ : alone
2. ____ : about to go out
3. ____ : dont want people to know
4. ____ : drinking "session"
5. ____ : when is my next drink
6. ____ : need to drink even though its bad
7. ____ : jittery
8. ____ : hungover or in need
9. ____ : just keep drinking
10. ____ : Im not an alocholic
11. ____ : not hungry
1. SECRET DRINKING ALONE : alone
2. DRINKING ALONE BEFORE SOCIALISING : about to go out
3. DISGUISING VOLUME CONSUMDER : dont want people to know
4. BINGE DRINKING : drinking "session"
5. OBSESSION : when is my next drink
6. COMPULSIVE URGE : need to drink even though its bad
7. MORNING-AFTER SHAKES : jittery
8. MORNING DRINKING : offset hangover or in need
9. INABILITY TO CONTROL INTAKE : just keep drinking
10. DENIAL : Im not an alocholic
11. DRINKING INSTEAD OF EATING MEALS : not hungry
## Footnote
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77
# Intoxication
An alocoholic may be able to consume large quantities of alcohol without exhibiting signs of intoxication. What is a give-away indication someone may be an alcoholic
SMELL OF ALCOHOL ON BREATH
unexpected times of day
## Footnote
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78
# Intoxication
The measure of alcohol consumption is the *unit*.
One unit is equivilant to what
1 UNIT = 10ml PURE ALCOHOL
## Footnote
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79
# Intoxication
The body eliminates alcohole at what rate
1 UNIT PER HOUR
| 15 mg / 100 ml per hour
## Footnote
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80
# Intoxication
How long after the last drink does the body start to eliminate alcohol
15 - 45 MIN
## Footnote
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81
# Intoxication
What are the 3 methods the body starts to try and eliminate alcohol
1. METABOLISM
2. EXCRETION
3. EVAPORATION
## Footnote
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82
# Intoxication
What 5 factors affect the time required for alcohol elimination from the body;
1. ____ : more of this results in increased alcohol uptake
2. ____ : man v woman
3. ____ : fit as a fiddle
4. ____ : birthday
5. ____ : beer vs whisky
1. BODY FAT : more of this results in increased alcohol uptake
2. GENDER : man v woman
3. HEALTH : fit as a fiddle
4. AGE : birthday
5. ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION : beer vs whisky
## Footnote
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83
# Intoxication
The UK Governments recommended maximum daily intake
Men : ____
Women : ____
Max ____ units per week
1. MEN : 3 - 4 UNITS PER DAY
2. WOMEN : 2 - 3 UNITS PER DAY
3. 14 UNITS PER WEEK
## Footnote
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84
# Intoxication
Women eliminate alcohol from their body approximately ____% *FASTER or SLOWER* than men
1. 10%
2. FASTER
## Footnote
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85
# Back pain
The vertebrae in the spine are separated by ____ which act like ____
1. DISCS
2. SHOCK ABSORBERS
## Footnote
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86
# Back pain
Discs of cartilage separate the ____ in the spine
VERTEBRAE
## Footnote
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87
# Back pain
The worst case scenario back problem as a result of improper posture or back support is what
SLIPPED DISC
## Footnote
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88
# Back pain
How are chronic back problems typically alleviated
PHYSIOTHERAPY
## Footnote
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89
# Back pain
Best prevention methods of back pain;
1. ____ : maintain a good one
2. ____ : lower back help
3. ____ : workout
4. ____ : do these in flight
5. ____ : professional treatment
1. GOOD SITTING POSTURE : maintain a good one
2. LUMBAR SUPPORT : lower back help
3. GOOD PHYSICAL CONDITION : workout
4. SITTING EXERCISES : do these in flight
5. PHYSIOTHERAPY : professional treatment
## Footnote
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