05. The Eye and Vision Flashcards
Anatomy of the Visual System
What 3 elements does the visual system comprise of?
- EYES
- OPTIC NERVE
- VISUAL CORTEX
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Anatomy of the Visual System
What does the optic nerve connect the eyes to
VISUAL CORTEX
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Anatomy of the Visual System
What is the visual cortex
AREA AT BACK OF BRAIN
Responsible for processing information received by the eyes
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Anatomy of the Visual System
The outside eye is covered in a smooth, very tough layer of white tissued called what
SCLERA
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Anatomy of the Visual System
The ____ allows light to enter the eye and fall onto the lens
TRANSLUCENT CORNEA
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Anatomy of the Visual System
The hole in the iris is known as what
PUPIL
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Anatomy of the Visual System
The ___ contracts and expands in response to light levels
IRIS
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Anatomy of the Visual System
The cornea helps focus light onto which part of the eye
RETINA
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Anatomy of the Visual System
The focusing process, in which the contraction and relaxation of the ciliary muscle takes place, thus changing the focal length of the lens, is known as what
ACCOMMODATION
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Anatomy of the Visual System
The back of the eye is densely packed with what 2 things
hint
1. which reacts to light and colour
2. which reacts to stimuli
- PHOTORECEPTORS (cones and rods)
- NEURONS
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Anatomy of the Visual System
What are the 2 types of photoreceptors
- RODS - sensitive to light
- CONES - colour detection
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Anatomy of the Visual System
RODS or CONES are the most sensitive receptor to light
RODS
REMEMBER
Cones = Colour
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Anatomy of the Visual System
RODS or CONES are the most sensitive receptor to colour
CONES
REMEMBER
Cones = Colour
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Anatomy of the Visual System
What are the 2 fluids that help maintain the spherical shape of the eye
- AQUEOUS HUMOUR
- VITREOUS HUMOUR
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Anatomy of the Visual System
What liquid occupies the space in front of the lens
AQUEOUS HUMOUR
REMEMBER
Advanced; meaning forward = Aqueous
Volume; meaning larger space = Vitreous
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Anatomy of the Visual System
What liquid occupies the space behind of the lens
VITREOUS HUMOUR
REMEMBER
Advanced; meaning forward = Aqueous
Volume; meaning larger space = Vitreous
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Anatomy of the Visual System
What component of the eye washes the surface with a mildly antibiotic solution
TEAR DUCT
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Anatomy of the Visual System
Why is it important for the cornea to be kept moist at all times
HELPS DIFFUSE OXYGEN
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Anatomy of the Visual System
What is the purpose of the 2 photoreceptors rods and cones
DETECT LIGHT and COLOUR
Rods - black and white, highly sensitive to light
Cones - colour, less sensitive to light, not used at night
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Anatomy of the Visual System
The axons of the cells to which the rods and cones are connected to, exit the eye at what point
OPTIC DISC
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Anatomy of the Visual System
The optic disc has no (i) ____, and as a result, cannot detect (ii) ____.
This is therefore known as the (iii)____
- PHOTORECEPTORS
- LIGHT
- BLIND SPOT
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Anatomy of the Visual System
CONES or RODS are the principle means of vision during the day
CONES
REMEMBER
Ice cream cones by the beach on a sunny day
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Anatomy of the Visual System
CONES or RODS are the principle means of vision during the night
RODS
REMEMBER
Ice cream cones by the beach on a sunny day
Rods are highly sensitive to light, which there is little of in the dark
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Anatomy of the Visual System
The central area of the retina, which is densely packed with cones, is known as what
FOVEA
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Anatomy of the Visual System
The area immediately surrounding the fovea is densely packed with what
RODS and CONES
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Anatomy of the Visual System
The number of cones INCREASE or DECREASE as you move progressively outwards from the fovea
DECREASE
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Anatomy of the Visual System
Which part of the retina is able to resolve letters and numbers, and why
- FOVEA
- DENSELY PACKED WITH RODS AND CONES
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Anatomy of the Visual System
Which part of the eye is most sensitive to detecting objects at night and why
- PERIPHERAL VISION
- Cones DECREASE outwards from the fovea (center of retina), rods are more sensitive to light
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Anatomy of the Visual System
The entire area of space which can be seen at any one time is known as what
VISUAL FIELD
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Anatomy of the Visual System
The sudden and jerky movement of the eye is known as what
SACCADE
THINK
Side-to-side = Saccade
where AC and CA are side by side
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Anatomy of the Visual System
Which part of the visual system is specifically tuned to respond to relative movement
VISUAL CORTEX
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Anatomy of the Visual System
The process of our eyes smoothly tracking a moving object is known as what sort of movement
PURSUIT MOVEMENT
THINK
Following is in pursuit
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Anatomy of the Visual System
Objects passing through the field of vision are tracked. This allows them to be ____ upon, which allows them to be tracked again.
This is an alternating pattern of ____ and ____ movement of the eye
- FIXATED
- PURSUIT
- SACCADE
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