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ATPL - [Mod 1] Human Performance > 14. Human Behaviour (1 - 4) > Flashcards

14. Human Behaviour (1 - 4) Flashcards

1
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

The way in which a person acts is known as what

A

BEHAVIOUR

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2
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

Behaviour is a product of the individuals ____ and ____, the current ____, and effects and influences of ____ (if any)

A
  1. PERSONALITY
  2. ATTITUDE
  3. SITUATION
  4. THE GROUP

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3
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

Personality and Attitudes can be influenced and modified by what

A

SIGNIFICANT PERIODS OF A PERSONS LIFE

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4
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

Behaviour is more sublty affected by what

A

HABIT

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5
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

Differences in personality and attitudes between indivduals in a group can result in behaviours that what

A

BENEFIT or ADVERSELY AFFECT THE GROUP

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6
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

The name given to describe the effect of one or more personalities on another

How well people working together get along

A

GROUP DYNAMICS

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7
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

The following is a definition of what;

“broadly stable set of characteristics and behaviour patterns exhibited by an individual”

A

PERSONALITY

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8
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

The broadly stable set of characgersitcs and behaviours that form personality are known as what

A

TRAITS

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9
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

Traits are generally ____ and ____

A
  1. STABLE
  2. PERMANENT

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10
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

What are the Big 5 factors which describe personality;

  1. Ne____
  2. Ex____
  3. O____ to E____
  4. Ag____
  5. Con____
A
  1. NEUROTICISM
  2. EXTROVERSION
  3. OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE
  4. AGREEABLENESS
  5. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS

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11
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

The following is a definition of what;

“a general and more or less stable predisposition to behave in a certain way in resonse to specific situations”

A

ATTITUDE

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12
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

Attitudes usually ____ over time, and generate ____ behaviour patterns

A
  1. PERSIST
  2. CONSISTENT

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13
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

Specifically, the difference between personality and attitude is that attitudes are not specific to who, and are shared by who

A
  1. INDIVIDUAL
  2. MANY

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14
Q

Personality, Attitude and Behaviour

  1. Assembled from external factors as a result of experience : ATTITUDE or PERSONALITY
  2. Traits stem from internal factors, which are probably innate : ATTITUDE or PERSONALITY
A
  1. ATTITUDE
  2. PERSONALITY

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15
Q

Models of personality

What are the 2 main models of personality

A
  1. PERSONALITIES FACTORS MODEL (common trait model)
  2. HUMANIST APPROACH

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16
Q

Models of personality

What type of personality;

Moody, Anxious, aggressive

A

UNSTABLE

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17
Q

Models of personality

What type of personality;

even-tempered, calm, carefree

A

STABLE

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18
Q

Models of personality

What type of personality;

quiet, retiring, introspective

A

INTROVERT

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19
Q

Models of personality

What type of personality;

Sociable, many friends, craves excitement

A

EXTROVERT

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20
Q

Models of personality

The ideal personality ype for a flight deck

A

STABLE EXTROVERT

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21
Q

Models of personality

The humanist model of personality is the idea of what 2 things

how you see you and where you want to be

A
  1. SELF CONCEPT
  2. IDEAL SELF

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22
Q

Models of personality

Humanist model - the following defines what;

“How you see yourself”

A

SELF CONCEPT

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23
Q

Models of personality

Humanist model - the following defines what;

“what you think you ought to be”

A

IDEAL SELF

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24
Q

Models of personality

People who perceive themselves to be ____ tend to be;

relaxed, well-adjusted, happy

Humanist Model

A

CLOSE TO IDEAL SELF

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25
Q

Models of personality

People who perceive themselves to be ____ tend to be;

anxious, unhappy, poorly adjusted

Humanist Model

A

FAR FROM IDEAL SELF

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26
Q

Models of personality

The higher up the pyramid, needs become less linked to ____ requirements, and more to ____ and ____ drivers

Heirarchy of needs

A
  1. BIOLOGICAL
  2. INTELLECTUAL & AESTHETIC

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27
Q

Models of personality

What level of Maslows Heirarchy of needs is a crew member said to be whn they are;

receptive to ideas, able to assess them rationally, encourage cooperation, act with decisiveness & confidence

A

TOP LEVEL

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28
Q

Models of personality

What leve of the Heirarcht of needs is a crew member sai to be when they are;

excessively keen to conform to group thinking, unduly influenced by recommendations

A

LOWER
(esteem needs)

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29
Q

Models of personality

A product of low self-esteem

A

UNDERCONFIDENCE

495

30
Q

Models of personality

Underconfidence can manifest itself as ____ (regarding decisions), and ____ in response to criticism

A
  1. INDECISIVENESS
  2. AGGRESSIVE

495

31
Q

Models of personality

An underconfident aircraft commander may respond ____ to input, and possibly appear to be ____

A
  1. AGGRESSIVE
  2. OVERL SELF-ASSERTIVE

495

32
Q

Attitude and Behaviour

A mix of beliefs and values

A

ATTITUDE

496

33
Q

Attitude and Behaviour

Arise from knowledge of, or information about, the world

A

BELIEF

496

34
Q

Attitude and Behaviour

What must be attached to belief for it to become an attitude

A

VALUE

Example, I believe smoking to be bad for me and subsequently, bad for my health. I hold the value that good health is desireable so therefore have the attitude that smoking is bad

496

35
Q

Attitude and Behaviour

Attitudes provide ____ responses to events and therefore are considered an important ____

A
  1. READY MADE
  2. COPING MECHANISM

496

36
Q

Attitude and Behaviour

An individuals attitude towards something always corresponds with behaviour

TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE

May have the attitude that smoking is made for me, but will continue to smoke anyways

496

37
Q

Attitude and Behaviour

What are the 6 key hazardous attitudes;

[ ] Anti-Authoritarianism
[ ] Impulsiveness
[ ] Conscientious
[ ] Sense of invulnerability
[ ] Self Controlled
[ ] Excessive self esteem
[ ] Agreeable
[ ] Resignation
[ ] Complaceny

A

[X] Anti-Authoritarianism
[X] Impulsiveness
[ ] Conscientious
[X] Sense of invulnerability
[ ] Self Controlled
[X] Excessive self esteem
[ ] Agreeable
[X] Resignation
[X ] Complaceny

498

38
Q

Attitude and Behaviour

The ideal crew member will possess what 4 ket attitudes;

[ ] Conscientious
[ ] Impulsive
[ ] Complacent
[ ] Self Controlled
[ ] Resigned
[ ] Stable, slightly extroverted
[ ] Agreeable

A

[X] Conscientious
[ ] Impulsive
[ ] Complacent
[X] Self Controlled
[ ] Resigned
[X] Stable, slightly extroverted
[X] Agreeable

498

39
Q

Group Behaviour

The definition of a group

A

2 OR MORE PEOPLE WITH SHARED GOALS, VALUES or MOTIVES

499

40
Q

Group Behaviour

What is the key difference between cooperation and co-action

A

CO-ACTION
May involve crew members working towards the same aim but does not imply good communication or sharing
COOPPERATION
Essential to optimum group peformance

500

41
Q

Group Behaviour

A basic property of a group, often known as solidarity, team spirit or morale

A

COHESION

500

42
Q

Group Behaviour

5 key influencers that improve group cohesion;

  1. ____ : allows time for relationships between members to develop
  2. ____ : smaller groups tend to be more cohesive than larger ones
  3. ____ : more cohesive when group members are close to same status, age, skill level
  4. ____ : successful team is more chesive than unsuccessful team
  5. ____ : the greater this is, the greater will be internal group cohesion

Remember the 4 S’s and ET - SET

A
  1. STABILITY : allows time for relationships between members to develop
  2. SIZE : smaller groups tend to be more cohesive than larger ones
  3. SIMILARITY : more cohesive when group members are close to same status, age, skill level
  4. SUCCESS : successful team is more chesive than unsuccessful team
  5. EXTERNAL THREATS : the greater this is, the greater will be internal group cohesion

500

43
Q

Group Behaviour

A group witha high degree of cohesion and cooperation is said to have ____

A

SYNERGY

501

44
Q

Group Behaviour

The following describes what;

The situation in which a cohesive group working cooperatively becomes more than the sume of its parts

A

SYNERGY

501

45
Q

Group Behaviour

An effective group will quickly identify points on which they disagree and encourage conflict in the early stages of discussion. They will then establish ____ and then ____

A
  1. COMMON VIEW
  2. MAKE THEIR DECISIONS

501

46
Q

Group Behaviour

An inefective group is dominated by ____. As a result, decision making tends to be ____ as they rush to complete a task

A
  1. NEED TO ESTABLISH A COMMON VIEW QUICKLY
  2. OVERLY SIMPLISTIC

501

47
Q

Group Behaviour

A group that will quicklyidentify points on which they disagree and encourage conflict in early stages of discussion before establishing a common view and making decisions is an example of what sort of group

A

EFFECTIVE GROUP

501

48
Q

Group Behaviour

A group which is dominated by the need to establish a common view quickly and subsequently make overly simplistic decisions as they rush to complete the task is an example of what sort of group

A

INEFFECTIVE GROUP

501

49
Q

Group Behaviour

A core feature of multi-crew operations on large transport aircraft

A

INTERDEPENDENCE

501

50
Q

Group Behaviour

A mode of thinking in which the desire to reach a unanimous agreement overrides the motivation to use proper, rational decision-making processess

A

GROUPTHINK

502

51
Q

Group Behaviour

Groupthink can stem from what sort of group

A

EXCESSIVELY COHESIVE GROUP

502

52
Q

Group Behaviour

The following is an example of what;

  1. Very Cohesive
  2. Insulated from external information
  3. Likely to ignore alternatives and avoid assessing the operations
  4. usually under pressure to make a quick decision
  5. usually dominated by a very directing leader
A

A GROUP SUSCEPTIBLE TO GROUPTHINK

503

53
Q

Group Behaviour

Groupthink is a relatively ACTIVE or PASSIVE process, in which the group arrives at a course of action by THINKING or NOT THINKING of the alternatives

A
  1. PASSIVE
  2. NOT THINKING

503

54
Q

Group Behaviour

Groups can actively influence decisions, resulting in what 2 possible sorts of actions

  1. ____ : risky shift
  2. ____ : very safe
A
  1. RISKIER COURSE (risky shift)
  2. EXECESSIVELY CAUTIOUS

503

55
Q

Group Behaviour

The key difference between groupthink and group decision making;

Groupthink is a CONSCIOUS or UNCONSCIOUS process, whereas decision making process is the result of CONSCIOUS or UNCONSCIOUS thought

A
  1. UNCONSCIOUS
  2. CONSCIOUS

503

56
Q

Group Behaviour

A change in belief or behaviou in response to a real or imagined group pressure

A

CONFORMITY

504

57
Q

Group Behaviour

3 potential benefits of conformity;

  1. Promotes ____
  2. Enables us to ____
  3. Helps to ____ of others
A
  1. Promotes SOCIAL INTERACTION
  2. Enables us to STRUCTURE OUR BEHAVIOUR
  3. Helps to PREDICT THE REACTIONS of others

504

58
Q

Group Behaviour

1 of the 3 driving forces behind conformity;

Need to be right, to have certinty and to seek guidance from others in the group

A

INFORMATIONAL INFLUENCE

504

59
Q

Group Behaviour

1 of the 3 driving forces behind conformity;

Need to be accepted and approved by others and to reduce conflict

A

GROUP NORM INFLUENCE

504

60
Q

Group Behaviour

1 of the 3 driving forces behind conformity;

When you are doing your job in a well defined function, you tend to supress your other personality traits

61
Q

Group Behaviour

When someone is authority requires us to behave in a certain way and we obey their order, this is said to be ____

A

ACTING IN COMPLIANCE

505

62
Q

Group Behaviour

A word used to describe our tendency to comply with directions and requests

A

OBEDIENCE

505

63
Q

Group Behaviour

1 of the 3 major differences between obedience and conformity;

CONFORMITY or OBEDIENCE involves no explicity requirement to act in a certain way

A

CONFORMITY

505

64
Q

Group Behaviour

1 of the 3 major differences between obedience and conformity;

  1. ____ : derives from a phsychological need for acceptance
  2. ____ : derives from perceptions of power and status in heirarchy

OBEDIENCE or CONFORMITY

A
  1. CONFORMITY
  2. OBEDIENCE

505

65
Q

Group Behaviour

1 of the 3 major differences between obedience and conforminty

  1. ____ : involves influence by peer pressure
  2. ____ : derives from a difference in status and acts only one way

OBEDIENCE or CONFORMITY

A
  1. CONFORMITY
  2. OBEDIENCE

505

66
Q

Group Behaviour

Our relative social position within the group

STATUS or ROLE or GROUP NORM

A

STATUS

506

67
Q

Group Behaviour

The part our organisation expects us to play

STATUS or ROLE or GROUP NORM

68
Q

Group Behaviour

Informal, understated ‘rules’

STATUS or ROLE or GROUP NORM

A

GROUP NORM

506

69
Q

Group Behaviour

The difference in status between the 2 pilots of a multi crew aircraft is known as the what gradient

A

TRANS-COCKPIT AUTHORITY GRADIENT

507

70
Q

Group Behaviour

The greater the difference in status between crew members, the STEEPER or SHALLOWER the authority gradient

A

STEEPER

507

71
Q

Group Behaviour

Advantages and Disadvantages of teamwork;

[ ] Poor group dynamics leading to riskier decisions
[ ] Better decision-making
[ ] Better defence against errors
[ ] Potential conflict
[ ] Reduced work load
[ ] Slower decision making process
[ ] Ability to deal with multiple tasks

A

ADVANTAGES
[ ] Better decision-making
[ ] Better defence against errors
[ ] Reduced work load
[ ] Ability to deal with multiple tasks
DISADVANTAGES
[ ] Poor group dynamics leading to riskier decisions
[ ] Potential conflict
[ ] Slower decision making process

ATPL - [Mod 1] Human Performance (21 decks)

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