0.10.Types of observations Flashcards
1
Q
event sampling
A
- every time the event happens, you record it
- when it’s quiet
2
Q
time sampling
A
when it’s busy
3
Q
overt observation
A
- out in the open
- ppts are always aware they’re being studied
4
Q
strength of overt
A
- more ethical than covert
5
Q
weakness of overt
A
- demand characteristics- reduces external validity
6
Q
covert observations
A
- ppts aren’t always aware they’re being studied
7
Q
strength of covert
A
- demand characteristics are reduced (increases external validity)
8
Q
weakness of covert
A
- ethically questionable, privacy may be affected
9
Q
participant observations
A
- researcher takes part in the study
10
Q
strength of participant
A
greater understanding (increases external validity)
11
Q
weakness of participant observations
A
- lose objectivity, reduces internal validity (Zimbardo)
12
Q
non-participant observations
A
- researcher remains separate from the research group being studied
13
Q
strength of non-participant
A
- more objective (than ppt observation)
14
Q
weakness of non-ppt
A
- loss of insight as a researcher is too far removed from the situation- reduces external validity
15
Q
controlled observation
A
- some control/ mainpulation of variables
16
Q
strength of controlled
A
- can be replicated due to standardised procedures
17
Q
weakness of controlled
A
- behaviour may be artificial due to setting- low external validity
18
Q
naturalistic observation
A
takes place where the target behaviour naturally takes place
19
Q
strength of naturalistic
A
in a natural context- high external validity- generalisable
20
Q
weakness of naturalistic
A
- low control, making it hard to identify patterns
