X Foundations - Chp 12, Asepsis Flashcards
Fomite
Inatimate object
EBP
Evidence Based Practice
The Body’s Natural Defenses
Tears (eye, lysozymes) Coughing Sneezing Urinating Intact Skin Cilia (respiratory system) Vomiting Diarhhea Gastric pH
Virus
enters cell and changes DNA to create more virus cells.
Can only live in cells
Bacteria
kills nearby cells
3 shapes
Cocci, Round
Bacillus, Oblong
Spirilla, Spiral
flagellum
Can live
Local
abcess
wound
Swelling (TUMOR)
Redness (RUBOR)
Heat (CALOR)
Systemic
whole immune system is responding
Strep
Causes the most disease of any bacteria
Throat, vaginal
Staffolocci (staff)
Grapes , cluster cells
OO
OOOO
OOO
O
Skin
Diploccoci
Double
OO
Neg Pressure Room
Used for airborne illness i.e. TB cause by mycobacterium.
TB
Most common airborne bacteria
Mycobacterium
Bacteriostatic
Hold bacteria count still
Types of Sterilization
R, irradiated
EO, ethylene oxide gas
Autoclave, everything except things that can’t get wet or will melt
P, plasma (very expensive)
How does a virus infect
It enters the cell and changes the DNA making cells create more viruses.
Can only live in other cells
Cultures
Test for bacteria in the body.
Bacteriocidal
Kills bacteria
Disinfection
Destroy microorganisms
Alchohol
Iodine
Chlorine bleach
Cleaning
Remove visible foreign materials organic in natur
Protozoan
Rickettsial
between Virus and Bacteria
have wings and flagellum
Malaria Amoebic dysentery Tricomonus lyme disease Meningitis
C&S
Culture and Sensitivity
Senstivity: test for which substance kill bacteria most effectively. Largest surrounding circle indicates best response.
Sterilization
Kills microorganisms and spores
Irradiation
EOG ethylene oxide gas
Autoclave
O&P
Ova and Parasite test
Iodine swabs
Bacteriostatic . Doesn’t clean everything
Afebrile
fever free (24 hr fever free)
Antigen
any foreign protein that triggers immune system response. i.e. pollen, virus BAD
Mortality
Death
Morbidity
Sickness
MMW
Mortality & Morbidity Weekly
Exogenous
microorganizm came from outside of you
Blood borne Pathogens
HepB
HepC
HIV
Standard Precautions
Wash Hands
Gloves
Mask/eye/face shield
Stages of Infection
INCUBATION: time of infection to first sign of symptoms
PRODROMAL: onset of vague symptoms
ILLNESS: Overt signs and symptoms
CONVALESCENCE: recovering
Cohorting
Deciding who gets into the room. i.e. matching pneumonia patient with chemo patient. not a good idea.
Antibody
body makes in response to exposure GOOD
it indicates level of exposure of infections
AFB
Acid Fast Bacteria
If bacteria is stained, acid wont wash off color
Virulent
An organisms strength in it’s ability to cause disease.
degree of pathogenity
Supra Infection
An infection on top of another infection
Endogenous
microorganizm came from inside of you i.e. wiping incorrectly and give yourself ecoli uti. Shingles
The Chain of Infection
INFECTIOUS AGENT: pathogen
RESERVOIR: fomite, vector, where pathogen can grow
EXIT ROUTE: secretions, feces, blood, urine
METHOD OF TRANS: hands, air, needle, food
ENTRANCE: Mouth, break in skin, mucous membrane
HOST: another person
gram -
If purple dye does not stain
gram +
If purple dye stains bacteria
Malaria
.
Medical Asepsis
techniques that inhibit growth and spread of pathogenic microorganisms.
aka CLEAN Technique
nosocomial
hospital acquired infection
Cortisone
steroid dampens immune system
Malaria
caused by Protozoan
Plasmodium falciparum
Tetanus
Clostridium Tetani
Rods and spores
Lives for years in soil. Contaminates wounds
? Risk factors to diff injections
.chart
? Reverse Isolation
.
Aerobic
Grow in presence of oxygen
Anaerobic
Grows without oxygen
S with _ over it
Without (sans)
Enteric bacteria
Aerobic and anaerobic. Grow in gut. Show characteristics of both
Cx
Culture
Abx
Antibiotics
Pan Culture
Culture across board
Throat, nasal, blood, U&A, C&S, stool
Clostridium Dificile
Stool bacteria. Painful
Clostridium botulisum
Anaerobic - bulging cans
Botulism
B hemolytic strep.
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O
O
O
Worse than regular strep
How does a bacteria infect
W grow inside , infect tissue, but keeps replicating. WBC come to fight and bacteria gains access to organs and blood
Chronic illness
Viruses that live in body
HIV, attack T cells Hep B & C , attack liver Varicella zoster Herpes Simplex HPV
Fungi
Most common life form on planet.
Moisture
pH
Temp
Helminths
WORMS
pinworms
tape worms
round worms
a good Vermifuge is
Pumpkin seeds. Powerful anti helminths. Anti Worm.
Factors Affecting Immunologic
Defense Mechanisms
Box 12-2
- Increasing age and extreme youth
- Stress
- Nutritional status
- Hereditary factors
- Disease processes
- Environmental factors
- Medical therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation
- Lifestyle
- Occupation
- Diagnostic procedures
- Travel history
- Trauma
Inflammatory Response
vascular reaction that delivers fluid, blood proudcts, and nutrients to interstitial tissue in area of the injury. Neutralizes and eliminates pathogens to establish a means of repairing body cells and tissue
Necrotic Tissue
Dead tissue
Hand Hygiene Is Essential
Box 12-6
• When hands are visibly soiled
• Before and after caring for a patient
• After contact with organic material, such as feces, wound
drainage, and mucus
• In preparation for an invasive procedure, such as suctioning, catheterization, or injections
• Before changing a dressing or having contact with open
wounds
• Before preparing and administering medications
• After removing disposable gloves or handling contaminated equipment
• Before and after using the toilet
• Before and after eating
• At the beginning and end of the shift
Isolation Technique
The second tier
categories: airborne, droplet, and contact precautions.
