X A&P - Chp 6 - The Integumentary (Skin) Flashcards
Epidermis
outermost portion - epithelial cells and contains no blood vessels. nourished by capillaries in underlying dermis.
Dermis
framework of connective tissue and contains many blood vessels, nerve endings and glands.
Cross Section of Skin
see pic
Melanocyets produce
Melanin in the deepest layer of epidermis.
Dermal Papillae
finger prints, allow blood vessels to get closer to superficial cells.
Stratum Corneum
protective layer over finger prints.
Areas of great heat loss
Groin, Armpit (Axillae), Head
Subcutaneous Layer
aka Hypodermis/superficial fascia
connects skin to underlying muscles
made of loose connective tissue and large amounts of adipose
Integumentary
the name of the system that comprises the skin and all it;s associated structures.
Sebaceous Glands
saclike structures, oily sebum lubricates skin and hair and prevents drying.
Open into hair follicles
Sudoriferous (Sweat) Gland
coiled, tubelike structure located in dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Cool the body. release sweat or perspiratoin, draws heat rom skin as moisture evaporates at surface.
Eccrine
type of sweat gland diestributed though skin. exetnds directly to surface and opens at a pore. Sweat contains salt, minor excretory function
Apocrine
sweat glands located in armpits and groin area
Arrector Pili
this band of involuntary muscle attached to hair follicle.
Pallor
paleness of skin. reduced blood flow, reduction in hemoglobin, (anemia)
cyanosis
not enough oxygen in blood, skin takes on a blue hue
FLushing
redness of skin accompanied with high fever
Erythma
redness of skin
Macule
spot that is not raised or depressed. ie freckles
Papule
firm raise area, large firm papule is a nodule
Vesicle
blister or small fluid fliled sac
Pustule
vesicle filled with pus. vesciles infected
BSA
Body surface area
Factors that affect healing
Nutrition
Blood supply
Infection
Age
Sunlight converts what to what?
Cholesterol to Vit D.
Vit necessary for
Calcium absorption
Functions of Skin
Controls body temp Protection against infection Production of Vit D Protection against dehydration Collection of sensory info
Smallest blood vessels
Capillaries
When capillaries dilated, we look
Flushed
Red
More blood to surface, heat released
What feeds the skin?
Capillaries
Cooling mechanisms
Constriction of blood vessels
Dilation of blood vessels
Evaporation, perspiration
If you are warm/hot, body needs to cool
Capillaries dilate, blood rushes and heat released
Necrosis
Skin dies, turns black
Skin image w stratum basale, dermal papillae
My drawing
Stratum Basale
Aka
Stratum germinativum
Germ layer producing epidermis.
Bottom most layer of epidermis
Melanocytes in between basale cells
Integumentary System
Skin
Hair
Nails
Skin layers
Epidermis: stratum basale/germinativum
Dermis: blood vessels, nerve endings, glands (oil, sweat)
Waterproof protein in skin
Keratin
Growth happens at
Stratum basale/germinativum
Thicker skin on palms, soles
Stratum Corneum
Largest to smallest
Artery ….
Artery, arterioles, capillaries
Suderiferous glands
Sweat
Apocrine: arm pits, groin Eccrine: to pores, generalized Ceruminous: earwax Ciliary Glands: eyelash Mammary glands: milk, modified sweat
Subcutaneous layer connects
Skin to muscle
Vernix
Creamy covering on newborns
Other activities of skin
Absorb medications
Excretion: water, electrolytes (Na, K, Cl), waste
Manufacture Vit D
Pigment in Epidermis
Melanin: black/brown
Carotene: reddish, freckles
Pallor
Pale skin, reduced blood flow
Flushing
Redness
Cyanosis
Bluish color, lack of O in blood
Yellow skin
Jaundice
Surface Lesions
Macule: freckle
Papule/Vesicle: blisters
Pustule: pus cyst
Deeper Lesions
Excoriation: road rash
Laceration: cut
Ulcer: round lesion in skin
Fissure: crack
Tissue repair in areas w actively dividing cells
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Effects of Aging on Integumentary System
Loss of subcutaneous fat
Wrinkles
Grey hair, lose melanin
Nails growing thick, horny in elderly
