X A&P - Chp 14 - The Heart and Heart Disease

Question 1

Myo

Answer 1

Muscle

Question 2

Peri

Answer 2

Around

Question 3

Septum

Answer 3

Wall

Question 4

Stenosis

Answer 4

narrowing of the spinal column that causes pressure on the spinal cord

Question 5

tachycardia

Answer 5

faster than normal heartrate (100 bpm or higher)

Question 6

bradycardia

Answer 6

slow heartbeat

60 bpm or slower

Question 7

Heart is located in the M…

Answer 7

Mediastinum (behind the sternum)

Question 8

Portion of Aorta above Abdomen

Answer 8

Thoracic Aorta

Question 9

Portion of Aorta below Abdomen

Answer 9

Abdominal Aorta

Question 10

Layers of Heart (see image)

Answer 10

• Endocardium (smooth like teflon)
• Myocardium (muscle)
• Epicardium aka Serous Pericardium aka Visceral Pericardium (touches heart directly, thin outermost layer)

Question 11

Parietal Pericardium

Answer 11

Outermost later of Pericardium (see balloon fist image)

Question 12

Structure of Pericardium

Answer 12

• Outer fibrous pericardium

- Serous pericardium (parietal layer fused to pericardium, Visceral later, fused to myocardium)

Question 13

Features of Myorcardium

Answer 13

• striated (actin, myosin)
• single cell nucleus
• involuntary
• intercalated discs
• branching muscle fibers

Question 14

CABG test

Answer 14

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft test

Question 15

Heart: Right side pumps ?

Answer 15

blood low in oxygen to lungs (via pulmonary circuit)

Question 16

Heart: Left side pumps ?

Answer 16

Oxygenated blood to body (via systemic circuit)

Question 17

4 chambers of heart

Answer 17

R and L Atria

R and L ventricle

Question 18

Right Atrium

Answer 18

receives low O blood returning from body through superior and inferior vena cava

Question 19

Right Ventricle

Answer 19

pumps blood from right atrium to lungs

Question 20

Left Atrium

Answer 20

received high O blood from lungs

Question 21

Left Ventricle

Answer 21

pumps O blood to body

Question 22

Superior Vena Cava

Answer 22

drains head and shoulders

Question 23

Inferior Vena Cava

Answer 23

delivers blood to bottom half

Question 24

Semi Lunar valves aka

Answer 24

Pulmonary and Aortic valve

Question 25

Right AV Valve (atrium to ventricle) aka

Answer 25

Tri-Cuspid valve | TRI to do right, but if you go to the left you have gone BI-BI

Question 26

Left AV Valve (atrium to ventricle) aka

Answer 26

Bi-Cuspid valve (Mitral Valve) | TRI to do right, but if you go to the left you have gone BI-BI

Question 27

Artery takes blood where?

Answer 27

Away from heart (oxygenated, red)

Question 28

Vein takes blood where?

Answer 28

Towards heart (de-oxygenated, blue)

Question 29

Valves btwn Atria/Ventricle

Answer 29

- Tricuspid (Right AV) | - Bicuspid (Mitral)(Left AV)

Question 30

Exit valves

Answer 30

- Aortic | - Pulmonary (pulmonic) (only vein to carry Oxygenated blood)

Question 31

Only valve to carry Oxygenated blood

Answer 31

Pulmonary Valve - to lung

Question 32

5L blood circulate every X min

Answer 32

4 minutes

Question 33

Coronary Arteries

Answer 33

Blood supply to myocardium

Question 34

Systole (.8s)

Answer 34

Active

Question 35

Diastole (.2s)

Answer 35

At rest

Question 36

Cardiac Output

Answer 36

volume of blood pumped per minute | CO = SV x HR

Question 37

Ecocardiogram

Answer 37

only way to get value for stroke volume

Question 38

Stroke Volume

Answer 38

amount of blood pushed out per beat

Question 39

Heart rate

Answer 39

heartbeats per minute

Question 40

CO =

Answer 40

SV x HR | ml/min

Question 41

SA Node

Answer 41

Sinoatrial node (heart's pacemaker) - irritable tissue (reacts to most stimulants) - 80-100bpm

Question 42

AV Node

Answer 42

Atrioventricular Node (btwn atria and Ventricle)

Question 43

Hearts Conduction System

Answer 43

- SA Node - AV Node - AV Bundle of HIS - Purkinje fibers (web of muscle to send electrical waves)

Question 43

Sinoatrial Node bpm

Answer 43

80-100 bpm

Question 44

Av node bpm

Answer 44

60-80bpm

Question 45

NSR

Answer 45

Normal Sinus Rythm | heart rate in normal range 60-100 beats per minute w steady rate, aside from variations due to respiration.

Question 46

What other than the sA node can set pace of heartbeat?

Answer 46

1) autonomic nervous system | 2) endocrine system

Question 47

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 47

- sympathetic NS speeds up heart | - parasympathetic slows it down (cranial nerve x, Vegas nerve

Question 48

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 48

4 defects that happen together

Question 49

Methods of Studying Heart

Answer 49

- stethoscope - electrocardiograph - catheterization - echocardiography