X Foundations - Bowel Elimination Flashcards
Guiaiac
test to check for stool fecal occult blood
(gFOBT), hemoccult
Occult Blood
hidden blood
What may cause GI bleeding
-ulcer
stool will be tarry black because of digested blood in stool
What can cause false positive results for blood in stool
- Iron
- medication
- Vit C ***
reasons for Gastric Decompression
- generally done because of Bowel Obstruction
Bowel Obstructions
- tumor (common in colon, LG INT)
- Volvulus (twisted intestine, (sm usually) common in dogs)
- Intussusception (happens in babies. 1 piece of bowel slips into itself)
Links <>”?”L:
Anal Cancer Article
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11912-013-0296-6#page-1
Stool scale desctiptions
http://www.gutsense.org/constipation/normal_stools.html
Diarrheaa
http://www.medicinenet.com/diarrhea/page3.htm#why_does_diarrhea_develop
symptoms of blockage of any part of intestines
- bloating
- nausea
- vomiting
Tools used in Gastric Decompression
- NG Tube
- Salem Sump tube
How do you know how far to insert an NG tube?
NEX ( Nares, ears, xiphoid process)
place on outside of face to measure distance needed inside patient.
how do you know if the salem sump tube has reached the stomach?
test fluid for acidity. if 1-4, stomach acid
Guaiac test is used for?
test for occult blood in feces
occult blood
hidden
what color stain will indicate stool is occult blood positive?
blue
*** Why would a doctor give you Guaiac cards?
to SCREEN FOR COLON CANCER
how does Dry Feces form?
when feces sticks to sides of colon and continues to lose water
Mass Peristaltic effect
when the sigmoid colon pushes feces forward to fill the rectum
Hrs from mouth to anus?
18hrs
Constipation
Difficult passage of dry stool
Obstipation
severe or complete constipation
Fecal Impaction
clogged sigmoid colon. hardened dry stool not able to pass
syptom of Fecal Impaction
liquid or leaking stool
Treatment of Constipation
- Increase fluid
- increase fiber
- excercise (increases peristalsis/movement)
- stool softener
- suppository
- laxatives
- enema
- digital disimpaction
*** How far to insert Enemas?
no more than 8”
*** what side should you lie on to improve enema results
L side lying (because sigmoid is on left and lying on rt would prevent enema fluid from working well
*** temp of Enema bag
100 - 102
*** during enema, if patient complains of pain or cramping …
stop, clamp tube and wait until pain subsides
Protects against Colon Cancer
high fiber diet because it cleans of intestine walls
Diverticulitis
small bulging sacs on inner lining of colon
how can Diverticulitis cause Peritonitis?
when a sac bursts and pus travels into interstitial fluid
Diverticulosis
presence of sacs
Diverticulitis
condition of
Diverticula
pouches formed in colon
Distension (objective or subjective?)
Objective, you can see it
Bloating (objective or subjective?)
Subjective, only the patient can feel or describe it
Hemmeroids
varicose veins in rectom
Anastomosis
surgical connection between two structures. It usually means a connection that is created between tubular structures, such as blood vessels or loops of intestine.
Volvulus
twisted intestines
Proximal part of Intestines
closest to root
Ischemia
lack of blood flow causing damage to tissue
Paralytic ileus
cessation of peristalsis. causes pain, distension, bloating, constipation
Causes of Paralytic Ileus
- Abdominal surgery
- anesthesia
- ** overuse of narcotic analgesics (leading cause)
Bowel Sounds normal frequency
8-32 sounds /minute
Borborygmus
overactive bowel sounds
*** after how much time can you claim absence of bowel sounds
auscultation for 4 minutes
Chrohn’s Disease
Crohn’s most commonly affects the end of the small bowel (the ileum) and the beginning of the colon, but it may affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from the mouth to the anus.
Crohn’s disease can also affect the entire thickness of the bowel wall,
can “skip”– leaving normal areas in between patches of diseased intestine.
Ulcerative Colitis
Ulcerative colitis is limited to the colon, also called the large intestine.
ulcerative colitis only involves the innermost lining of the colon.
no skipping
colon becomes inflamed and develops tiny open sores, or ulcers, that produce pus and mucous.
immune system mistakes food, bacteria, and other materials in the intestine for foreign or invading substances. When this happens, the body sends white blood cells into the lining of the intestines, where they produce chronic inflammation and ulcerations
Types of diarhhea
- secretory
- osmotic
- motility
- collagenous colitis
- inflammatory
max time before diarrhea needs doctors attention
adults, children
adults - over 3 days
child - 24 hrs
conscious sedation
sedated while awake. don’t remember anything.
Types of Enemas
Isontonic - saline
Hypertonic - Klax
Hypotonic - tap water, soap suds
patients with Diverticulitis should have what diet AFTER acute episode is resolved
High Fiber
Patient suffers from Postprandial rapid gastric dumping after her gastrectomy. How should she eat?
eat small meals throughout the day
What encourages development of Gastritis
exposure to irritants of the stomach like Ibuprofen
In a loop Colostomy, what is coming out of each tube?
Stool form one, mucus from other
most important in patient with intestinal obstuction
replacing IV fluids and electrolytes
