- tumor (common in colon, LG INT) - Volvulus (twisted intestine, (sm usually) common in dogs) - Intussusception (happens in babies. 1 piece of bowel slips into itself)

X Foundations - Bowel Elimination Flashcards by trudie tapper

Guiaiac

test to check for stool fecal occult blood

(gFOBT), hemoccult

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Occult Blood

hidden blood

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What may cause GI bleeding

-ulcer

stool will be tarry black because of digested blood in stool

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What can cause false positive results for blood in stool

Iron
medication
Vit C ***

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reasons for Gastric Decompression

generally done because of Bowel Obstruction

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Bowel Obstructions

tumor (common in colon, LG INT)
Volvulus (twisted intestine, (sm usually) common in dogs)
Intussusception (happens in babies. 1 piece of bowel slips into itself)

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Links <>”?”L:

Anal Cancer Article
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11912-013-0296-6#page-1

Stool scale desctiptions
http://www.gutsense.org/constipation/normal_stools.html

Diarrheaa
http://www.medicinenet.com/diarrhea/page3.htm#why_does_diarrhea_develop

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symptoms of blockage of any part of intestines

bloating
nausea
vomiting

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Tools used in Gastric Decompression

NG Tube

- Salem Sump tube

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How do you know how far to insert an NG tube?

NEX ( Nares, ears, xiphoid process)

place on outside of face to measure distance needed inside patient.

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how do you know if the salem sump tube has reached the stomach?

test fluid for acidity. if 1-4, stomach acid

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Guaiac test is used for?

test for occult blood in feces

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occult blood

hidden

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what color stain will indicate stool is occult blood positive?

blue

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*** Why would a doctor give you Guaiac cards?

to SCREEN FOR COLON CANCER

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how does Dry Feces form?

when feces sticks to sides of colon and continues to lose water

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Mass Peristaltic effect

when the sigmoid colon pushes feces forward to fill the rectum

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Hrs from mouth to anus?

18hrs

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Constipation

Difficult passage of dry stool

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Obstipation

severe or complete constipation

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Fecal Impaction

clogged sigmoid colon. hardened dry stool not able to pass

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syptom of Fecal Impaction

liquid or leaking stool

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Treatment of Constipation

Increase fluid
increase fiber
excercise (increases peristalsis/movement)
stool softener
suppository
laxatives
enema
digital disimpaction

*** How far to insert Enemas?

no more than 8”

*** what side should you lie on to improve enema results

L side lying (because sigmoid is on left and lying on rt would prevent enema fluid from working well

*** temp of Enema bag

100 - 102

*** during enema, if patient complains of pain or cramping ...

stop, clamp tube and wait until pain subsides

Protects against Colon Cancer

high fiber diet because it cleans of intestine walls

Diverticulitis

small bulging sacs on inner lining of colon

how can Diverticulitis cause Peritonitis?

when a sac bursts and pus travels into interstitial fluid

Diverticulosis

presence of sacs

Diverticulitis

condition of

Diverticula

pouches formed in colon

Distension (objective or subjective?)

Objective, you can see it

Bloating (objective or subjective?)

Subjective, only the patient can feel or describe it

Hemmeroids

varicose veins in rectom

Anastomosis

surgical connection between two structures. It usually means a connection that is created between tubular structures, such as blood vessels or loops of intestine.

Volvulus

twisted intestines

Proximal part of Intestines

closest to root

Ischemia

lack of blood flow causing damage to tissue

Paralytic ileus

cessation of peristalsis. causes pain, distension, bloating, constipation

Causes of Paralytic Ileus

- Abdominal surgery - anesthesia - ** overuse of narcotic analgesics (leading cause)

Bowel Sounds normal frequency

8-32 sounds /minute

Borborygmus

overactive bowel sounds

*** after how much time can you claim absence of bowel sounds

auscultation for 4 minutes

Chrohn's Disease

Crohn’s most commonly affects the end of the small bowel (the ileum) and the beginning of the colon, but it may affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from the mouth to the anus. Crohn’s disease can also affect the entire thickness of the bowel wall, can “skip”-- leaving normal areas in between patches of diseased intestine.

Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is limited to the colon, also called the large intestine. ulcerative colitis only involves the innermost lining of the colon. no skipping colon becomes inflamed and develops tiny open sores, or ulcers, that produce pus and mucous. immune system mistakes food, bacteria, and other materials in the intestine for foreign or invading substances. When this happens, the body sends white blood cells into the lining of the intestines, where they produce chronic inflammation and ulcerations

Types of diarhhea

- secretory - osmotic - motility - collagenous colitis - inflammatory

max time before diarrhea needs doctors attention | adults, children

adults - over 3 days | child - 24 hrs

conscious sedation

sedated while awake. don't remember anything.

Types of Enemas

Isontonic - saline Hypertonic - Klax Hypotonic - tap water, soap suds

patients with Diverticulitis should have what diet AFTER acute episode is resolved

High Fiber

Patient suffers from Postprandial rapid gastric dumping after her gastrectomy. How should she eat?

eat small meals throughout the day

What encourages development of Gastritis

exposure to irritants of the stomach like Ibuprofen

In a loop Colostomy, what is coming out of each tube?

Stool form one, mucus from other

most important in patient with intestinal obstuction

replacing IV fluids and electrolytes