x A&P - Ch 3, Cells and their function

Question 0

Types of Microscopes

Answer 0

Single lens
TEM transmission electron
SEM scanning electron

Question 1

Cytology

Answer 1

The study of cells

Question 2

Image of cell

Answer 2

See image

Question 3

Plasma Membrane

Answer 3

Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Proteins

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Largest organelle in cell

Houses chromosomes

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

Fills nucleus membrane to plasma membrane

Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Vesicles

Question 6

DNA, RNA structure

Answer 6

Four nucleotides: AGCT OR U
Sugar: ribose, deoxyribose
Phosphate
Nitrogen Base

Question 7

Surface Organelles

Answer 7

Cilia

Flagellum

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

Gene codes for bldg of amino acids

Question 9

RNA

Answer 9

Protein synthesis

Question 10

Meiosis

Answer 10

Division of sex cells

Until they go from 46 to 23 chromosomes in order to fertilize w egg or sperm to have 46 total again

Question 11

Mitosis

Answer 11

Division of somatic cells

Question 12

Ribosomes

Answer 12

Site of protein synthesis

Question 13

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 13

Carries thyroid enzyme out of the thyroid

Secretes enzymes

?

Question 14

Liposomes

Answer 14

?

Question 15

Peroxisomes

Answer 15

?

Question 16

Granulosite

Answer 16

?

Question 17

Vesicles

Answer 17

?

Bubbles that contain chemicals to be transported out of the cell

Question 18

Centrioles

Answer 18

Develop during cell division, Mitosis

Structured items that help cells divide

Question 19

Surface Organelles

Answer 19

Cilia

Flagellum

Question 20

Genes

Answer 20

Portion of chromosome that control body characteristics

Question 21

How many chromosomes do we have?

Answer 21

46

Question 22

Down Syndrome

Answer 22

Trisomy 21

Growth on the 21st chromosome

Question 23

DNA

Answer 23

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 24

RNA

Answer 24

?

Question 25

Mitotically active

Answer 25

Cancer cells Keeps splitting out of control

Question 26

How does Glucose travel

Answer 26

Insulin opens door in plasma membrane for glucose to enter If no insulin, blood sugar gets high. Stays in blood and can't pas through cells. Cells are still starving so they get cravings and eat more creating more sugar in blood. Diabetes

Question 27

Passive Transport

Answer 27

Doesn't need ATP to pass through cell membrane Diffusion- seeks equal concentration Osmosis- water following salt Filtration - w pressure, kidneys Facilitated infusion

Question 28

Isotonic

Answer 28

.9% NaCl Saline Isotonic to body

Question 29

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 29

Half normal saline | .45%

Question 30

Glomerula filtrate

Answer 30

Urine

Question 31

Phagocytosis

Answer 31

WBC cleaning up uses ATP

Question 32

Cell in hypotonic solution?

Answer 32

Water flows into saltier cell and gets engorged may even burst

Question 33

Hypertonic solution

Answer 33

Dehydrates cells Crenated cell

Question 34

Cell Aging

Answer 34

Free Radical injury -most common sun Enzyme Injury Gene Alteration or Mutation - DNA not lining up Slowing cell activity- age Apoptosis- programmed cell death. After certain amount of replications, cell just stops

Question 35

Membrane Potential

Answer 35

Difference in electric charge on either side of plasma membrane

Question 35

Cytosol

Answer 35

Liquid part of cytoplasm

Question 36

Types Parts of Cells

Answer 36

``` Channels Transporters receptors Enzymes Linkers Cell identity markers ```

Question 36

Plasma membrane made of

Answer 36

Carbs Lipids Proteins

Question 37

ER

Answer 37

Endoplasmic Reticulum Network w/in cytoplasm Smooth ER- synthesis of lipids Round ER- ribosomes attached and synthesis of protein

Question 38

Ribosomes made where

Answer 38

In Nucleolus Then live on ER or in cytoplasm

Question 39

Mitochondria

Answer 39

Energy from nutrients converted to cellular energy, ATP

Question 40

Autolysis

Answer 40

Self destructing . When lysosomes consumes itself

Question 41

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 41

Sorting and modifying proteins then packaging them for export from the cell

Question 42

Vesicles

Answer 42

Move materials in and out of cells

Question 43

Centrioles

Answer 43

Rod shaped bodies near nucleus that function in cell division. Help organize cells and diode cell contents during this process.

Question 44

4 stages of Mitosis See pic

Answer 44

``` Interphase - resting Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase ```