X A&P - Chp 7 - Bones Flashcards
0
Q
Foramen Magnum
A
Where spinal cord exits skull
1
Q
Sutures in skull
A
Harden in adults
2
Q
Parts of Skull
A
Frontal
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal
4
Q
Fontanelle
A
Soft part of cartilage that hasn’t hardened yet
5
Q
Trabeculae
A
Inner structural tissue inside bone. lightweight, strong
6
Q
Axial Skeleton
A
TRUNK
Head, Spine, Thorax
7
Q
Appendicular Skeleton
A
Appendeges, legs, arms
8
Q
Vertebraes
A
Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacrem
9
Q
Arm bones
A
Radius (thumb side)
Ulna (pinky side)
Humerous (funny bone, upper arm bone)
10
Q
Heel Bone
A
Calcaneus
11
Q
Leg bone (upper)
A
Femur
12
Q
Leg bone (lower 2)
A
Tibia (main)
Fibula
13
Q
Arm (upper)
A
Humerous
14
Q
Arm (lower 2)
A
Radius (main)
Ulna
15
Q
Costal Cartilage
A
Soft cartilage of the ribs
16
Q
Acromium Process
A
Landmark Bone, front side of bone above scalpula. 2 finger breadths below for deltoid muscle injection location
17
Q
Calcaneous
A
Heel bone
18
Q
Illiac Crest
A
Crest of Illim bone where bone marrow is taken from
19
Q
Sinus Cavity
A
in bone, lined with mucous membrane
20
Q
Kyphosis
A
hump back
21
Q
Lordosis
A
curve in lower back. ie. pregnant women
22
Q
Scoliosis
A
curved spine
23
Q
End of bone
A
Epiphysis
24
Q
shaft of bone
A
diaphysis
25
Spongy Bone
Cancellous
26
Compact Bone
Cortical
27
Antlers made of
hair
28
Tusks made of
teeth
29
Periosteum
connective tissue membrane covering a bone
30
Function of Bone
- Protecting underlying structures
- movement and locomotion
- storage of minerals (calcium, phosphate)
- Hematopoesis (formation of blood cells in Red bone marrow)
31
Parathyroid Homone PTH
Bad, stimulates Osteoclasts, breaks down bone
32
Osteosarcoma
bone cancer
33
Bone marrow creates new blood ?
daily
34
RBC live for ? days
120
35
Aplastic Anemia
bone marrow dies
36
Patella
knee cap
37
Greater Trochanter
opposite femoral head. smaller of two bulges. hip bond that we can palpate
38
Osteons
cylinders that veins travel through within bone
structural unit of compact (cortical) bone
39
Epiphyseal Plate
plate for growth in bones. becomes ephyseal line in adults
40
Long bones filled with what marrow?
Yellow (mostly adipose)
41
Meniscus
rubbery c shaped disc cushioning knee
42
Fontanelle
soft cartilage in baby's skull before it hardens
43
Foramen Magnum
Where spinal cord exits skull
44
Atlas
topmost cervical vertebra to which skull is attached
45
Axis
second vertebra from top
46
Epicondyle
funny bone. bone protrusion felt in your elbow
47
Condyles
rounded end of bones that usually work with other bone ends
48
Mandible
Lower jaw bone
49
Articular Cartilage
| Hyaline
catilage on end of bone joints
50
what is inside Bursae
cushions at various joints
| containing synovial fluid
51
What electrolyte is in bone
Calcium
52
Ischial tuberosity
Sit bone
53
Carpels
wrist bones
54
Maleolus
ankle bones
54
Head
Rounded know of femor
55
Myelo Suppression
Bone marros suppression
55
Process
Protrusion
56
Hematophoesis
formation of blood cells
56
Condyle
Knob
57
weight bearing excercise
strengthens bones (up to 30yrs)
57
Crest
Crest to top edge
| Flat projection edge?
58
Ossification
cartilage to bone
58
Spine
Raised edge
59
Osteoclasts
resorb bone tissue. break down
59
Foramen
Holes for vessels
60
Osteocytes
maintain and repair existing bone matrix
60
Sinus
Cavity within bone line by mucous membrane
61
Osteoblasts
Manufacture the matrix. create bone
61
Fossa
Deep groove or depression
62
Fossa
deep groves or depression
62
Meatus
Holes in bone for blood vessels
63
Meatus
holes in bone for blood vessels
63
Caracoid Process
Can't palpate
Bone under acromium process
64
Xypoid Process
bone/cartilage right under sternum bone
64
Shin bone
Tibia
65
Glenoid Cavity
Humeral head sits in this
65
Malleolus
Ankle
66
Medial malleolus
Inside ankle bone
67
Pubic arch is wider in
women
67
Lateral malleolus
Outside ankle bone
68
Type of fractures
Open - bone protrudes through skin
Greenstick - bone soft and splinters or frays (in children)
Comminuted - broken in many piecs
```
dont need to know
Closed
Impacted
Spiral
Transverse
Oblique
```
68
Open fracture
Bone through skin
69
Types of Joints
Fibrous:
Synarthrosis (immovable) i.e. sutures in skull
Cartilaginous:
Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable) i.e. pubic sympehsis (stretches during childbirth)
Synovial:
Diarthrosis (freely movable) i.e. arms, legs, can move in 2 directions. Ball & Socket
69
Greenstick
Splintered. Mostly in children
70
Hyaline (articular cartilage)
cartilage at edges of bone heads
70
Comminuted fracture
Broken in many pieces
71
Joints synonym
Articulation
Where one bone meets another
72
Movement of forearm and ankle
```
Supination (palm up)
Pronation (palm down)
Inversion (ankle)
Eversion (ankle)
Dorsiflexion (foot) toe to nose
Plantar flexion (foot)
```
72
Synarthrosis
Immovable fibrous joints
I.e. Sutures in skull
73
Cartilaginous
Ie Pubic synthesis stretches during childbirth
78
Pelvic bones
- Illium (upper flared portion)
- Illiac Crest (curved rim along ilium border where bone marrow extracted)
- Ischium (lowest, strongest part)
- Pubis
88
Movement at Synovial Joints (fig 7.26)
```
Flexion
Extension
Abduction (wide outside)
Adduction (towards inside)
Circumduction
Roation
```
93
Diarthrosis
Joints Freely moveable in all directions
94
Vitamin D promotes
Calcium absorption
95
Parathyroid hormones casuse bones to
resporb and release calcium into blood
