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Nursing, LPN, Year 1 > x A&P - Ch 2, chem, matter and life > Flashcards

x A&P - Ch 2, chem, matter and life Flashcards

1
Q

Learn overview

A

See pic

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2
Q

Acid

A

A chemical substance capable of donating a H ion to another substance.

HCL = H+ + Cl-

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3
Q

Amino Acid

A

Proteins are composed of Monomers called amino acids.

Combine to make other proteins

They contain acid group,COOH and an Amino group, NH2

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4
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged ion

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5
Q

Aqueous

A

A solution in which water is the solvent.

Glucose , salts ( used intravenously )

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6
Q

atom

A

Smallest form of matter

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7
Q

base

A

Chemical substance containing a OH ion that readily accepts a H.

Base

NaOH = Na+ and H2O

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8
Q

buffer

A

Chemical buffers maintain constant neutral ph of a compound. Prevents sharp changes is H ions

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9
Q

carbohydrate

A

Building blocks of carbohydrates are monosaccharides (simple sugars)

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10
Q

catalyst

A

Enzyme to increase the speed of a chemical reaction. Temporarily. Gets used up in process. Very small amounts needed.

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11
Q

cation

A

Positively charged ion

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12
Q

chemistry

A

The science that deals with the composition and properties of matter.

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13
Q

colloid

A

Molecules do not dissolve but remain evenly distributed in the suspending material

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14
Q

compound

A

molecule of two different substances combined held together by ionic or covalent bonds

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15
Q

denaturation

A

The alteration of a protein so that it can no longer function. Destroys cells

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16
Q

electrolyte

A
  • ionic bond dissolved in water

- Compound formed by ionic bonds that release ions when dissolved in water

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17
Q

electron

A

Orbit in the nucleus

Negatively charged

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18
Q

element

A

The unique substances that make up matters

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19
Q

enzyme

A

Proteins essential for metabolism. Act as catalysts for hundreds on human processes. Enzymes act on certain substrates so many are necessary for many body functions

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20
Q

glucose

A

ATP. The body’s fuel, crated by mitochondria

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21
Q

glycogen

A

Storage form of glucose found in liver and skeletal muscle cells

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22
Q

ion

A

An atom or group of atoms that has acquired a negative or positive charge

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23
Q

isotope

A

The several forms that elements can exist in. Various atomic weights for same element

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24
Q

lipid

A

Class or organic compounds not soluble in water. Usually found in fat cells

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25
molecule
Group of atoms bonded together. Smallest form of an elemen
26
nucleotide
Organic compound made of a nitrogenous base, a sugar and one or more phosphate groups. ATP is a nucleotide
27
neutron
Neutral particles found in nucleus of atoms
28
pH
The measure of acidity or alkalinity scale.
29
protein
Organic compound made of one or more chain of amino acids. Essential to all living things. Provides structure, food
30
proton
Positively charged electronic particle
31
?radioactive
When a substance has many unstable elections on valence level that are easily removed popping off free radicals
32
salt
Electrolyte in water produces salt
33
solute
The substance (salt, sugar) which is dissolved into the solvent (liquid)
34
solution
The mixture of solute in solvent
35
solvent
A substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution
36
steroid
Organic compound made of 4 rings of C. (Hormones, alkaloids, vitamins)
37
substrate
A substance that an enzyme catalyzes reaction of
38
suspension
Heterogeneous mixture containing solid particles.
39
valence
Outermost level of atom
40
Matter
what everything is made of
41
C, H, O, N, Fe
what we are mostly made of
42
ATP
Adenosine Tri Phosphate | Energy created from breakdown of nutrients
43
Free Radicals
valence e (electrons) popping of and flying through you. unstable. items with lots of e flying off is radioactive.
43
Alkali
A base NaOH Has OH io
44
Acid plus Base
Salt and water HCL + NaOH = NaCl + H2O
45
Ionic Bonds
Electrons may be transferred between atoms
46
Covalent Bonds
Electrons may be shared between atoms
47
NaCl is an electrolyte + H2O
Na+ and Cl- ions Both electrolytes
48
Mixture
Blend of 2 or more chemicals, elements or ions. Solution Suspension Colloid
49
Blood
Solution Suspension-plasma Colloid-cells
50
ESR
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate How fast blood takes to separate
51
Importance of H2O
We are 80% water | Skin turgid
52
Skin is turgid
Hydrated
53
Skin Turgor
Dehydration
54
Acid + Base
Salt
55
Normal body fluid pH
7.35-7.45 pH
56
Distiller water pH
pH 7 - neutral
57
Buffer
Chemical that prevent sharp changes in H+
58
PET scan looks at
Most metabolically active
59
Isotopes
Forms of an element that have the same atomic # but different atomic weight.
60
C,H,O,N
96% of body weight
61
Organic Compounds
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins
62
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides Glucose Disaccharide (2 monosaccharides linked) Sucrose, Lactose Polysaccharide (many polysaccharides linked) Glycogen, starch
63
Lipids (fats)
Triglycerides (simple fat composed of glycerol and 3 fatty acids) Phospholipids (complex lipids containing phosphorous ) Steroids ( contain rings of carbon atoms )
64
Phospholipids
Every cell membrane Phospholipid bi layer
65
Proteins
Contain nitrogen (sometimes sulphur, phosphorous) Structural material Chain of amino acids w peptide bonds. Folded 3d shape
66
Protein shapes
Pleated Coiled Folded ( hemoglobin )
67
Enzymes
``` Proteins that catalyze a reaction Work on specific substrate Not used up or changed after reaction Work via lock-n-key machinism Denature in harsh conditions ```
69
Nucleotides
Building blocks of DNA, RNA One type is component of ATP Made of: nitrogenous base, a sugar, a phosphate group
70
N
Nitrogen | -present in all proteins, ATP and DNA/RNA
71
Ca
Calcium - builds bones, teeth - needed for muscle contraction - nerve impulse conduction - blood clotting
72
P
Phospherous - active ingredient in ATP - builds bone, teeth - in cell membranes and nucleic acid
73
K
Potassium - nerve impulse conduction - muscle contraction - water balance - acid/base balance
74
Na
Sodium - active in water balance - nerve impulse conduction - muscle contraction
75
Cl
Chlorine - in stomach acid - active in water balance - acid/base balance

Nursing, LPN, Year 1 (44 decks)

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