WWI

Question 1

Bismarcks alliance system

Answer 1

Aimed to isolate france and prevent a world war
3 emperors league: Germany, Austria, and Russia (chill over the balkans)
Also? Austro-German alliance, triple alliance with Italy and Austria, and reinsurance treaty for Russia

Question 2

How does Wilhelm fuck everything up?

Answer 2

Broke treaty with Russia, caused them to ally with France
Built up navy, drove france and Britain together
Triple entente: France, GB, and Russia
Germany is surrounded nice one

Question 3

Schlieffen plan

Answer 3

Germany’s plan to fight against both Russia and France

Go through BELGIUM and fight France, then swing back around

Question 4

Moroccan crises of 1905 and 1911

Answer 4

Wilhelm causes dispute over french control of North Africa to test the trip entente
Had the opposite effect they pulled closer together
After boer war? Britain wants more allies

Question 5

Russo-Turkish war

Answer 5

Russia attacks ottoman and wins
Gets independence for Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania
Controls Bulgaria-> B calls congress of berlin, they decide to split Bulgaria up
Russians are kinda mad at Germans
Reveals how important the Balkans are

Question 6

Immediate cause of wwi?

Answer 6

Archduke franz Ferdinand’s ass
Austria gets mad at Serbia and has unconditional support from Germany
Serbia rejects one point of Austrias ultimatum, a declares war on Serbia->Russia declares war on Austria->Germany declares war on Russia->France joins->Britain joins bc of Belgium

Question 7

Nature of the war

Answer 7

Defensive! Leads to stalemates inside trenches
Dehumanizing and humiliating
Technologies? Tanks, airplanes, submarines (u-board), high power artillery, grenades, poison gas, barbed wire -> just increase deaths!

Question 8

War of illusions: 1914

Answer 8

German tried to attack France quickly, but met Belgian and french resistance
Eastern front, Germany sees success

Question 9

Stalemate: 1915

Answer 9

To get out of stalemate, both sides look for new allies
Ottoman joins central, Italy joins allies
England tries to attack Turks, fails
Germany and gb try to blockade the others

Question 10

Lusitania

Answer 10

German u-boat sank British liner Lusitania, killing 1,200

Caused us outrage, but not entrance yet

Question 11

Slaughter: 1916-17

Answer 11

Germans attack verdun- initial success but long and deadly battle (1.1M died)
British launch Somme- disaster!!
Russia surprise attacks Austria

Question 12

Exhaustion and Revolution: 1917-18

Answer 12

1917? Russia drops out, us comes in because of Germany’s submarine use and Zimmerman telegram (promised Mexico us lands)
Austria and Germany are experiencing revolts at home
Nov 1918- armistice

Question 13

Treaty of Brest-litovsk

Answer 13

Russia’s treaty with Germany when it dropped out of the war

Cost a lot of land and resources

Question 14

Economic leaders in England and Germany

Answer 14

Walter ratheneau (Germany)
David Lloyd George (England)
Use economic planning and war bonds

Question 15

Easter rising

Answer 15

German government supports Irish rebels in Britain, it failed

Question 16

Allies supporting revolutions in central a

Answer 16

Supported minorities in Austria-Hungary -> dissolution by 1918
Colonel t e Lawrence promotes Arab nationalism in ottoman

Question 17

Erich Ludendorff and PAUL Von Hindenburg

Answer 17

Established military dictatorship in Germany

Extreme rationing

Question 18

Women with the yellow hands

Answer 18

Worked in war factories, led to poisoning and infertility

Helped women earn the vote

Question 19

Winners of wwi?

Answer 19

Skilled workers! Gained more bargaining power

strikes still occurred though

Question 20

What happened to governments in general?

Answer 20

Got wayy more strict
Even Britain censored the press and allowed govt to take stuff from citizens
Germany used spies
Most countries just jailed any opponents to the war effort

Question 21

Armenian massacre

Answer 21

Ottoman government feared Armenians would help the Russians, so they were deported and killed

Question 22

Leaders at treaty at Versailles and who wasn’t there?

Answer 22

Woodrow Wilson (14 points and LoN)
Clemenceau (punish Germany)
David Lloyd George (in the middle)

Italy? There but walks out
Russia and Germany? Nope

Question 23

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 23

1. Territory- Germany loses 13% and all colonies, Poland is created
2. Demilitarization- reduced to 100,000 and not in the Rhineland
3. War guilt- Germany=full responsibility
4. Reparations- $33 billion
5. League of Nations- didn’t work out

Question 24

Consequence?

Answer 24

Germany is mad, pave way for extremist groups

America and Soviet Union become isolated

Question 25

Causes of wwi

MAIMIN

Answer 25

M-militarism (mass armies, German navy)
A-alliance system
I-imperialism (increased tensions)
M-mass politics (leaders focus on war to distract from internal problems)
I-intellectual context (Darwin)
N-nationalism (national honor and increase Balkan tensions)