Absolutism Flashcards
Bishop bossuet
Biggest advocate for divine right monarchy
Henry IV
Laid foundation for Louis xiv’s absolutism
Ended religious conflict
Set strong economic basis, built roads and canals, etc
Louis xiii & Cardinal Richelieu
Increased taxes
Curbed power of the nobility (banned dueling, appointed intendants- local officials)
Although he was catholic, he guided france to support Protestants because he wanted to beat the catholic habsburgs (kinda like Machiavelli)
Fronde
Rebellions when Louis XIV was little about high taxes and foreign influences
Parlements
Courts controlled by the nobles who had to ok kings decrees
Louis XIV controlled them by threatening exile or confiscation of property, or involving nobles in court at Versailles
Jean baptiste Colbert
Louis xiv’s financial minister
Mercantilism! Developed unified internal market (5 great farms), raised foreign tariffs, and expanded commercial presence
Built roads, a postal system, and manufacturing codes -> french goods have hella good reputation
Edict of Fontainebleau
Passed by Louis XIV
Revoked edict of Nantes
Tried to get french Protestants to convert
French academy of arts and sciences
Established by Louis XIV
Make art to glorify Louis and France with classical themes
Moliere, Racine, and Corneille
French playwrights that performed at Versailles
Charles le brun and Jules hardouin mansart
French painter & sculptor/architect
Worked for Louis XIV
Marquis de louvois
France’s minister of war
Grew the army to the largest in Europe (400,000)
How did Netherlands become largest commercial power?
- Made good use of resources and moved into East Indies and South America
- Set themselves up as middlemen of Europe and supplied goods to everyone using flyboats
- Next to important trading routes and Amsterdam = financial center (bank of Amsterdam and stock exchange)
- Practiced religious toleration
Jan Vermeer, Judith leyster, frans hals, Rembrant Von rijn
Dutch artists
Painted with light and shadow, natural landscapes, still life, domestic scenes, and group portraits
William of Orange
Elected stadholder of Netherlands (and later king of England) but never created a strong centralized monarchy
Age of crisis (1550-1650)
Led to absolutism
Religious wars Climate change causes crop failures High taxes Rebellion Witchcraft accusations Scientific revolution Economic changes (price revolution, enclosure) Increase in crime
Causes of english civil wars
Political: Stuart line vs. Parliament
Religious: puritans (anti catholic) vs. Stuart’s
James sandwich
James I Charles I Cromwell Charles II James II
James I
Believed in divine right stuff, made parliament mad
Retained hierarchy of the Anglican Church (no bishop, no king) -> anti catholic sentiment
Gunpowder plot
Radical Catholics tried to blow up parliament