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Absolutism Flashcards

1
Q

Bishop bossuet

A

Biggest advocate for divine right monarchy

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2
Q

Henry IV

A

Laid foundation for Louis xiv’s absolutism
Ended religious conflict
Set strong economic basis, built roads and canals, etc

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3
Q

Louis xiii & Cardinal Richelieu

A

Increased taxes
Curbed power of the nobility (banned dueling, appointed intendants- local officials)
Although he was catholic, he guided france to support Protestants because he wanted to beat the catholic habsburgs (kinda like Machiavelli)

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4
Q

Fronde

A

Rebellions when Louis XIV was little about high taxes and foreign influences

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5
Q

Parlements

A

Courts controlled by the nobles who had to ok kings decrees

Louis XIV controlled them by threatening exile or confiscation of property, or involving nobles in court at Versailles

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6
Q

Jean baptiste Colbert

A

Louis xiv’s financial minister
Mercantilism! Developed unified internal market (5 great farms), raised foreign tariffs, and expanded commercial presence
Built roads, a postal system, and manufacturing codes -> french goods have hella good reputation

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7
Q

Edict of Fontainebleau

A

Passed by Louis XIV
Revoked edict of Nantes
Tried to get french Protestants to convert

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8
Q

French academy of arts and sciences

A

Established by Louis XIV

Make art to glorify Louis and France with classical themes

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9
Q

Moliere, Racine, and Corneille

A

French playwrights that performed at Versailles

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10
Q

Charles le brun and Jules hardouin mansart

A

French painter & sculptor/architect

Worked for Louis XIV

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11
Q

Marquis de louvois

A

France’s minister of war

Grew the army to the largest in Europe (400,000)

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12
Q

How did Netherlands become largest commercial power?

A
  1. Made good use of resources and moved into East Indies and South America
  2. Set themselves up as middlemen of Europe and supplied goods to everyone using flyboats
  3. Next to important trading routes and Amsterdam = financial center (bank of Amsterdam and stock exchange)
  4. Practiced religious toleration
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13
Q

Jan Vermeer, Judith leyster, frans hals, Rembrant Von rijn

A

Dutch artists

Painted with light and shadow, natural landscapes, still life, domestic scenes, and group portraits

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14
Q

William of Orange

A

Elected stadholder of Netherlands (and later king of England) but never created a strong centralized monarchy

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15
Q

Age of crisis (1550-1650)

Led to absolutism

A 
Religious wars 
Climate change causes crop failures
High taxes
Rebellion 
Witchcraft accusations 
Scientific revolution 
Economic changes (price revolution, enclosure)
Increase in crime
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16
Q

Causes of english civil wars

A

Political: Stuart line vs. Parliament
Religious: puritans (anti catholic) vs. Stuart’s

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17
Q

James sandwich

A 
James I 
Charles I 
Cromwell 
Charles II 
James II
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18
Q

James I

A

Believed in divine right stuff, made parliament mad

Retained hierarchy of the Anglican Church (no bishop, no king) -> anti catholic sentiment

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19
Q

Gunpowder plot

A

Radical Catholics tried to blow up parliament

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20
Q

Setting the stage for Civil war under Charles I

A

Parliament issued petition of right (assertion of its power) in response to his use of the star chamber (illegal court)
Charles decided to rule alone using money from coastal towns-> alienates parliament and mercantilist elites
Enforced more catholic stuff (William laud and the book of common prayer made people mad)

21
Q

Civil war under Charles I

A

Calls “long parliament” back
Attempts to arrest Puritan leaders in parliament -> civil war!
Kings army=cavaliers, parliament=Roundheads
Charles is captured and Puritan Oliver Cromwell takes power with the new model army

22
Q

Prides purge

A

Parliament won’t do anything to the captured king
Cromwell surrounds parliament and drives out moderate members
Leaves only rump parliament of independents, who executed king

23
Q

Cromwells rule?

A

Named himself lord protector under constitution called instrument of govt
Imposed military rule, reformed english morals (by banning a bunch of stuff), promoted mercantilism, and subdued rebellions in Ireland and Scotland
People wanted monarchs back

24
Q

Stuart restoration of Charles II

A

Was privately catholic, appointed Catholics to high offices

Parliament responds with test act

25
Test act
Required all office holders to be part of Anglican Church
26
Treaty of Dover
Louis XIV paid Charles II to try and reintroduce Catholicism Allowed Charlie to rule without parliament
27
James II
Ascends to throne in 1688 | Tories support him, Whigs against him
28
Glorious revolution
When james has a son, parliament invites James' daughter Mary and William of Orange of the Netherlands to come take control They agree to respect parliament and freedoms with the bill of rights
29
Toleration act and act of succession
Toleration act allowed Protestants to worship in private | Act of succession prohibited any monarchs from being Catholics
30
Mannerism
Complex composition, distortion, and elongated human figures Most famous= el Greco, who introduced yellows and grays Late 16th century
31
Baroque
1600-1730 Expresses power of monarchs and Catholic Church Appeals to senses with movement, drama, richness, power, etc
32
Baroque artists
Bernini designed St. Peter's square, the papal throne, david, and ecstasy of st Theresa Velazquez got patronage from monarchs (the maids of honor) Peter Paul Rubens (the raising of the cross and portraits of Marie de medici) Bach, Vivaldi, Handel, and Monteverdi
33
Wars of Louis XIV summary
Louis XIV wanted to extend france to its natural frontiers and take previous spanish land In all the wars a coalition formed against him-> balance of power!
34
Dutch war
Earned franche-comté (burgundy) from Dutch and Alsace-Lorraine from HRE Caused 9 years war League of Augsburg formed against France Ended with treaty of ryswick, France barely got anything
35
War of spanish succession
Louis XIV, HRE, and Louis grandson Philip V all claim the spanish throne, so louis goes for it through Phillip 1702-1713 long and expensive!
36
Peace of Utrecht (1714)
Philip V became ruler of Spain, but he couldn't unite with France S Netherlands given to Austria England gained Gibraltar (fortress at opening of Mediterranean) and some other stuff
37
3 declining states?
HRE, Poland, and ottoman
38
Poland
Nobles had hella power Unable to establish taxes or an army Officially partitioned in 1795
39
Ottoman Empire
``` Ebb and flow of expansion 1683- Turks siege Habsburg capital Failed-> they're not a major threat Sultans grew corrupt Janissaries (elite fighters) became irrelevant to technology and strategy Couldn't control provinces ```
40
Austria turns east
Austria (part of HRE) under Eugene of savoy gained back Hungary, Transylvania, and Balkans in the treaty of karlowitz
41
Why did Prussia gain power?
1. Skilled leaders from Hohenzollern 2. Efficient use of resources 3. Amazing military
42
Frederick William the great elector
``` Gave nobles (Junkers) important positions in the army for their support Created general war commissariat to collect taxes ```
43
Frederick William I
Named king of Prussia by Habsburg emperor Hella strict, built up army to 83,000 Formed Potsdam regiment of tall people
44
Time of troubles for Russia (1604-1613)
Ivan IV kills his heir-> internal instability and foreign invasion Resolved when the feudal estates elected Michael Romanov as tsar
45
How Russia= not modern
``` Hella serfdom (caused revolt led by Stephen razin) Orthodox Church opposes social and religious change ```
46
Peter the great (1682-1725)
Great embassy- travel to the west to look at technologies, schools, etc Built first navy and modern army Pursued mercantilism Banned long coats, beards, and veils so Russia looked modern Table of ranks- subjects could rise in status Divided Russia into 10 regions Put church under state control
47
Great northern war
Sweden (charles xii) vs Russia (Peter) Russia wins eventually Treaty of nystadt-Russia gains territory in Baltic Peter builds st Petersburg! (Window to the west)
48
Pragmatic sanction
Passed by charles vi of austria, gave his throne to his daughter

AP Euro (17 decks)

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