Russian Revolution

Question 1

Revolutionary groups

Answer 1

Peoples will- anarchists, assassinated Alexander II
Social revolutionaries- socialism led by peasants
Constitutional democrats- wanted capitalism and parliament (like gb)
Social democrats- Marxists (Mensheviks- like SDP and Bolsheviks-lenin)

Question 2

Revolution of 1905

Answer 2

Humiliation in Russo-Japanese war (1904-1905) caused economic crisis
Revolutionary groups wanted change and workers went on strike

Question 3

Bloody Sunday

1905

Answer 3

Troops fire on crowd of peaceful protestors

Question 4

October manifesto

1905

Answer 4

Promised Creation of a legislative assembly (Duma) and other reforms
However, he didn’t allow parliamentary coalitions and used his veto power

Question 5

Immediate causes of rrev

Answer 5

Wwi was bad, exposed backwardness
Nicholas II dissolved Duma and tried to take control of troops, didn’t work
Public opinion of monarchy is bad bc of Rasputin, who is assassinated
Immediate cause? Women riot over bread prices (like in frev)

Question 6

Result of rev of 1917

Answer 6

Provisional government (democrats and socialists) is created
Petrograd society (more radical soviets) is also formed-it's like the commune of the frev 
PG passes army order no 1, which dissolves all previous army discipline

Question 7

Lenin enters!

Answer 7

Immediately starts rev against PG under Alexander kerensky, but it fails and he flees

Question 8

Lenin’s ideology

Answer 8

Imperialism-Nope! It’s capitalistic
Vanguard party- small group of revolutionaries
Weakest link in the chain- that’s where socialism develops first (Russia)
Telescoping- time is right for rev!
Revolutionary tactics- peace, bread and land, all power to the soviets!

Question 9

Nov 1917- Bolshevik takeover!

Answer 9

Bolsheviks seize key buildings, PG flees
Lenin elected head of council of people’s commissars
Disband constituent assembly
Proclaim dictatorship for the people

Question 10

Treaty of Brest-litovsk

Answer 10

Russia wants to get out of the war, so they agree to give up Baltic provinces (Poland and the Ukraine)

Question 11

Russian civil war

1918-22

Answer 11

Bolsheviks under Trotsky=red army
Tsarists, Mensheviks, socialists=white army, aided by west
War communism-Bolsheviks nationalized key industries and took peasant crops

Question 12

Why did Bolsheviks win?

Answer 12

1. They were actually United, whites were all over the place
2. Intervention from foreign powers mean whites are traitors!
3. Whites couldn’t communicate well
4. Bolsheviks were more ruthless

Question 13

Red terror

Answer 13

Bolsheviks engaged in this to eliminate class enemies 
Cheka (secret police) killed bourgeoisie, gentry, and white army 
2M are killed

Question 14

USSR

Answer 14

Created in 1922 by Bolsheviks
Consisted of 15 republics, only half our Russian
Create third international/Comintern to unite communists

Question 15

New economic policy

1921

Answer 15

Created by Lenin
Strategic compromise with capitalism
Peasants could sell their own grain -> wealthy peasant class (kulaks) arise

Question 16

1920s reforms for women

Answer 16

Women got right to vote, divorce, use birth control, and abortions
Alexandra kollontai helped educate women and free people from oppressive views on sexuality

Question 17

Effects of wwi and rrev

Answer 17

1. Violent and extremist forces culminate in totalitarianism
2. Laissez-faire is abandoned
3. Seeds for Great Depression sowed
4. Destroyed balance of power
5. Irrationality gained power bc people are so confused

Question 18

Causes of the rrev? 1861-1905

Answer 18

1. Economic backwardness
2. Inability to form government that reflected people’s will
   Russian intellectuals are divided between slavophiles and westernizers
   Rapid industrialization->overcrowding