1815-1850 Isms

Question 1

Examples of conservatives

Answer 1

Edmund Burke (1729-97) 
Joseph de maistre (1753-1821)

Question 2

Liberalism

Answer 2

Classical liberalism (different than now)
Embraced Laissez-faire, enlight reason, and limited monarchy 
Most came from middle class
Eg John Stuart mill (1806-73) defends freedom

Question 3

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)

Answer 3

Utilitarianism- gov should find greatest good for greatest number
Wanted separation of church and state, women’s rights, and end of slavery

Question 4

Robert Owen (1771-1858)

Answer 4

Socialist and textile entrepreneur
Built a model factory in Scotland that was really nice to workers (high wages, school, etc)
Tried to start one in Indiana, but it fails

Question 5

Other examples of socialists

Answer 5

Henri de saint-Simon (1760-1825) 
Charles Fourier (1772-1837) 
Wanted cooperation and shared property 
Louis blanc and national workshops 
Early socialists? Utopian!

Question 6

Flora Tristan (1803-1844)

Answer 6

Oppression of women springs from unequal ownership of property

Question 7

Volksgeist

Answer 7

Created by Johann gottfried herder (1744-1803)
Spirit of the people
Germans celebrate music and traditions (Beethoven and Grimm brothers)

Question 8

Hegel (1770-1831)

Answer 8

Dialectic process!

History is a clash of opposing ideas-> a synthesis

Question 9

Giuseppe Mazzini and the carbonari

1805-1872

Answer 9

Secret nationalist society to expel habsburgs from Italy

Later becomes young Italy

Question 10

Pan-slavism

Answer 10

Indication of all Slavs (poles, Serbs, Croatians, Czechs, Slovaks)
Causes some uprisings, but were quickly crushed

Question 11

Romanticism

Answer 11

React to enlights reason and science

Emphasize emotions, intuition, nature (mysterious and powerful), nationalism, religion, and the unique individual

Question 12

Examples of romantic writers

Answer 12

Lord Byron
Thomas Carlyle
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe (passion)
Edgar Allen Poe 
Mary Shelley 
Sir Walter Scott (Ivanhoe)
Percy bysshe Shelley 
William Wordsworth (nature)

Question 13

Romantic artists

Answer 13

Eugene Delacroix (liberty leading the people) 
Houses of Parliament 
J m w turner 
Beethoven (bridge)
Berlioz

Question 14

Conservatism

Answer 14

Change through adaption, not violent revolution

Customs and traditions are wiser than individual people!

Question 15

Motives for imperialism

Answer 15

1. Economic- need access to raw materials and market for goods, want self-sufficiency
2. Political- strategic bases, competition driven by nationalism, outlet for population
3. Cultural- missionaries, our duty to civilize inferior people (racial Darwinism and the white mans burden)

Question 16

Means for imperialism

Answer 16

1. Irev2 brings steam power, telegraphs, medical advances, and railroads-> penetrate interior
2. Overwhelming military superiority
3. Corporate capitalism allowed long term presence and systematic exploitation

Question 17

King Leopold II of Belgium

Answer 17

Private bankers founded him

Conquered the Congo and brutally exploited resources to get rubber and ivory

Question 18

Berlin conference

Answer 18

Called by Bismarck in response to Leopold
You have to establish coastal control to get the inside
Had the opposite effect, caused a scramble for Africa
All except Liberia and Ethiopia are controlled

Question 19

Joseph chamberlain and Cecil Rhodes

British

Answer 19

Chamberlain favored tariff Union between colonies, with independent rule but strong economic ties
Rhodes was an adventurer, dreamed of a cape to Cairo connection
African imperialism? More like Rhodes!

Question 20

Boer war

Answer 20

Provoked by Rhodes, gb vs Netherlands
Showed how imperialism can cause conflict
Now gb wants allies

Question 21

How was European control in Asia different than in Africa?

Answer 21

In Asia? Plug in to existing power structure

Africa? Establish control by creating hierarchy and just brutal tactics

Question 22

Sepoy mutiny

Answer 22

British army subdued Indian revolt with lots of violence
Established direct rule with Queen Victoria
Tried to imbibe India with english language and culture

Question 23

Imperialism in China?

Answer 23

England and France sell hella opium, China gets mad -> opium wars!
Treaty of Nanking - China has to create free trade ports and surrender hong kong
Russia and Germany? Carve out spheres of influence

Question 24

Meiji restoration

Answer 24

Japan borrows from western techniques to modernize and avoid being colonized!
Even beats China for the Korean Peninsula!

Question 25

Russo-Japanese war

Answer 25

Conflict over Manchuria
Japan defeats Russia in land and sea
First time an asian beats a European!
Effects? Russia turns back towards expanding in the Balkans and has a revolution of 1905, which sets stage for 1917.
Russia is embarrassed and Japan is impressive!

Question 26

Effects of imperialism

Answer 26

1. Rise of new powers (us and Japan)
2. Intensification of European rivalries
3. Decolonization and dependency (post wwii, colonies are severed, but there’s still resentment)