Modern Isms Flashcards
Freudian psychology
Psychoanalysis- unlock patients subconscious
Divide psyche into id (pleasure), ego (reason), and superego (conscience)
Interpretation of dreams
Sexual feelings occur early (Oedipal complex)
Sociology
Shows humans are affected by factors other than human choice
Pavlov-actions could be controlled by stimuli
Crime-could be caused by genetics
Max weber- crowd mentalities overcome most
Social/racial Darwinism
Created by Herbert spencer
Argued that inequalities between classes or races resulted from natural selection
Helping the poor weakens the genetic pool! Survival of the fittest!
Nationalists turned it into racial Darwinism, support imperialism, a-s, and war
Eugenics- better human race by selective breeding
Henri Bergson
Vitalism
Nature, including humans, couldn’t be divided into parts
Anti-scientific method
Friedrich Nietzsche
Pronounced God is dead Reality is inaccessible to human reason Human nature? Rational and instinctual Morality is personal, no universal good and evil "Will to power"
Religious results of modernism?
Protestant denominations split between modern and fundamental, attendance goes down
Pope Leo xiii tones down antimodern attacks, but rejected Marxism
Ended catholic participation in politics
Attendance stays the same
Photography
Altered purpose of the artist
It’s no longer to depict real life!
Jacob Riis paints city slums (how the other half lives)
Impressionism
Capture how the eye really sees
Visible brushstrokes, street scenes, light and shadow
Monet, Renoir, degas, Cassatt
Post Impressionism
Move away from light and shadow
Van Gogh, cézanne, Gauguin, Seurat (pointillism)
Express inner psychological torment
Expressionism
Created by Fauves (wild beasts)
Emphasized strong color, simple lines, and distortion to convey emotion
Henri Matisse, edvard munch, and wassily Kandinsky (abstract expressionism)
Cubism
Founded by George’s Braque and Pablo Picasso
Broke apart scenes into parts and reassembled them, provide multiple perspectives (relativity)
Futurism
F t Marinetti and umberto boccioni
Glorified speed and technology to achieve political change
Depicted automobiles, machines, etc
Modern architecture
Form follows function, no ornamentation or motifs Louis Sullivan (first skyscrapers) and frank Lloyd wright (horizontal lines and earth tones, prairie style)
Naturalism
Literary movement Emile Zola (heredity ruins characters) Leo Tolstoy and fyodor Dostoevsky explored themes of suffering and spirituality Social and economic forces can trump men Set stage for existentialism
New physics
Marie curie- atoms disintegrate
Max Planck- particles emit energy in packets, light is a wave and a particle, everything is probability!
Einstein- absolute time and space do not exist, they’re relative to observer
