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AP Euro > Protestant Reformation > Flashcards

Protestant Reformation Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
0
Q

Pope Leo X

A

Allowed Johan Tetzel to sell indulgences to fund St. Peter’s basilica

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1
Q

Abuses by church that were causes for Protestant ref

A 
Simony (selling of offices)
Nepotism (offices to relatives)
Pluralism (holding 2+ offices)
Absenteeism (not showing up BC of pluralism) 
Indulgences
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2
Q

3 principles of Lutheranism

A

Scripture alone, faith alone, and grace alone

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3
Q

Some of luthers works

A

On the freedom of the Christian- free will and salvation
On the Babylonian captivity- for theologians, condemns all but 2 sacraments (baptism and communion)
An address to the nobility- patriotically appealed to German princes
German translation of the bible- Christianity for everyone!!

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4
Q

Peasants revolt of 1524-1525

A

Fueled by economic grievances and Lutheran ideal of priesthood of all believers
Luther crushed it BC he needed support from the German princes

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5
Q

Diet of worms

A

Luther defied charles v the holy roman emperor and didn’t turn back on his writings (movie scene)

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6
Q

Charles v’s main concern?

A

Keeping all of his many possessions together! He was under attack by ottoman, France, Algerian pirates, papacy, and German Lutherans

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7
Q

Habsburg Valois wars

A

France vs HRE
Began in Italy
Catholic France supported German Protestants

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8
Q

What brought Renaissance to an end?

A

When charles v sacked Rome in 1527

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9
Q

Schmalkalidic league

A

League formed by Lutheran princes, resisted Charles v’s attacks

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10
Q

Peace of Augsburg

A

Leaders of German provinces could decide religion of their subjects

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11
Q

John Calvin

A

2nd gen reformer
accepted luthers ideas but placed more emphasis on predestination
Set up perfect community in Geneva

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12
Q

Institutes of the Christian religion

A

By Calvin

Synthesized reformed theology and provide tactics for organizing a reform

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13
Q

Ecclesiastical ordinances

A 
Divide church into:
Doctors (study scripture)
Pastors (preach)
Deacons (charity)
Elders (discipline)
By Calvin
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14
Q

Consistory

A

Body in Geneva, ruled by elders

Punished people for drunkenness, gambling, etc

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15
Q

Calvinism was popular among?

A

Nobility and middle class BC they thought they were the elect

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16
Q

Genevan academy

A

Founded by Calvin in 1559

Designed to train leaders who would preach Calvinism elsewhere

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17
Q

John Knox

A

Takes Calvinism to Scotland

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18
Q

Zwingli

A

Preach a more radical movement than luthers, argued about lords supper
Killed in Swiss civil war
Inspired people to smash statues and paint churches white to get people to focus on gods word

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19
Q

Consubstantiation

A

What Luther believed
Bread and wine are really jesus
Receiver has to be in a state of faith

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20
Q

Transubstantiation

A

Catholics

Priests turn bread and wine into body and blood

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21
Q

Marburg colloquy

A

Luther and Zwingli tried to settle differences

Failed miserably, they couldn’t agree

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22
Q

Catherine zell

A

Showed that women often accepted and spread the reformation first
Preached, wrote, and ministered to the poor

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23
Q

Anabaptists

A

Believed in adult baptism (babies souls are in danger

24
Q

Pope Clement VII

A

Wouldn’t grant Henry viii a divorce BC he is controlled by Charles v, Catherine’s nephew
Caused Henry to start Anglican Church

25
Q

Act of supremacy

A

Said Henry was the head of the Catholic Church in England

26
Q

Act of succession

A

Legitimized offspring of Henry and Anne Boleyn (Elizabeth I)

27
Q

Thomas Cromwell

A

Henry VIII’s prime minister

Helped him confiscate church lands

28
Q

Six articles

A

Confirmed many catholic practices

Showed king didn’t really want reform

29
Q

Thomas Cranmer

A

English, wanted to take Anglican Church reforms further

30
Q

Church under Edward vi?

A

Move in zwinglian direction

31
Q

Book of common prayer and act of uniformity

A

Provided simpler interpretation of worship (zwinglian)

Under Edward vi

32
Q

Church under Mary I and Philip II?

A

Suuper catholic and pro spanish foreign policy (BC Philip is king of Spain)
Prosecuted lots of Protestants
“Bloody mary”
Didn’t help Catholicism

33
Q

Elizabethan settlement

A

Compromise made by Elizabeth I between Catholics and Protestants
Executed her cousin, Mary Queen of scots for plotting against her
Established England as leading Protestant power

34
Q

39 articles

A

Cemented Elizabethan compromise

New book of prayer=vague enough so everyone’s happy!

35
Q

Spanish Armada

A

England defeated Spain’s attack under Elizabeth I

Showed she was a strong monarch

36
Q

Politique

A

Like elizabeth I, placed political unity above religious dogma

37
Q

Social impact of proref on family and women

A

Family and marriage is b important

Women earned limited rights, but their sphere was domestic and their religious vocations were taken away

38
Q

Proref effects on education

A

Ensured literacy for boys and girls so they could read the bible

39
Q

Philip Melanchthon

A

“Teacher of Germany”

Advocated public school system called gymnasia

40
Q

Protestant work ethic

A 
Emphasis on deferring gratification and building a godly city led to hard work ethic, which helped develop capitalism and strengthen middle class 
Problematic, but good to know
41
Q

Did proref change social classes?

A

Nope!

42
Q

Proref influence on religious classes

A

Many practices (saints days, carnival, lent, rituals, etc) were abolished or modified

43
Q

Cardinal Ximenes de Cisneros

A

Spanish, helped Spain address clerical abuses and tighten regulations for priests

44
Q

Pope paul III

A

Finally responded to the Protestant reformation

45
Q

Catholic reformation

A

Actions designed to revive catholic spirituality

46
Q

Counter reformation

A

Catholic activism to stop spread of Protestant reformation

47
Q

Jesuits

A

Founded by ignatius Loyola
Troops of the pope and missionaries
Recatholicized parts of Eastern Europe and even Asia

48
Q

Spiritual exercises

A

Written by Loyola

“If I see something white but the church says it’s black I see it as black”

49
Q

Angela merici

A

Founded Ursulines to being education to girls

Part of catholic reformation

50
Q

Teresa of Avila

A

Founded Carmelites dedicated to life of contemplation and service
Also didn’t wear shoes
Part of cathref

51
Q

Oratory of divine love

A

Group of clergy and laypeople
Push for reform in the church and live pious lives
Part of cathref

52
Q

Gian Matteo Gilberto and Cardinal charles borromeo

A

Serious and hard working bishops in Italy

Part of cathref

53
Q

Council of Trent

A

Got rid of church abuses, provided for better education, regulated priests
Reaffirmed religious doctrine (clerical celibacy, good works, papacy, transubstantiation)

54
Q

Roman inquisition

A

Designed to root out heresies in Italy

Part of cathref

55
Q

Pope paul IV

A

Published index of prohibited books

Part of counter reformation

56
Q

What kind of art did the catholic reformation sponsor?

A

Baroque BC it emphasized illusion, grandeur, and dramatic religious emotions

57
Q

Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini

A

Baroque artist

Helped rebuild Rome to showcase catholic piety

58
Q

Results of cathref?

A

Not successful in stopping religious divide, but did recatholocize some places
After council of Trent? Compromise is not possible! So… Religious conflict ahead!

AP Euro (17 decks)

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