Early Modern Society (1500-1800)

Question 1

Bourgeoisie and petit bourgeoisie

Answer 1

B: landowners, merchants, doctors, lawyers, clergy
PB: shopkeepers, artisans, grocers
Increased in numbers but not in political power

Question 2

Subsistence agricultural system

Answer 2

Grow enough to feed the village with no extra

Question 3

3 field crop rotation in north/ 2 field in the south

Answer 3

Leave one part of land uncultivated so soil can recover

Not a full use of resources

Question 4

Yeomanry

Answer 4

Small freeholders who owned their own land

In between gentry and landless poor

Question 5

Was Serfdom stronger in the east or west and why?

Answer 5

East

Black Plague didn’t hit as hard there

Question 6

Corvée or robot

Answer 6

Labor service that peasants owed lords

Question 7

Great chain of being/ body politic

Answer 7

People were embedded in web of relationships (guild, village, church, class, family) with each playing a specific role

Question 8

England’s poor law of 1601

Answer 8

Offered charitable relief but severely punished those who violated
Distinguished between deserving and undeserving poor (DBQ)

Question 9

What 2 things increased in cities from 1500-1700?

Answer 9

Crime and poverty

Question 10

Where was nuclear family more common than extended?

Answer 10

Western Europe

Question 11

Wet nurses

Answer 11

Often used by aristocracy

Hire someone to nurse your child

Question 12

Did the concept of childhood exist?

Answer 12

Not really! Kids expected to work for the family, no toys or school

Question 13

Communal leisure

Answer 13

What most people engaged in

Often based on catholic calendar of feasts, etc

Question 14

Carnival

Answer 14

Celebration right before lent
Food, drinks, and sex
Classes and gender switch places for “world turned upside down” which let off class discontent

Question 15

Charivari or skimmington

Answer 15

Town imposing public humiliation on eg a man who couldn’t contain his wife or a wife committing adultery

Question 16

Causes of witchcraft hysteria

Answer 16

1. Increased bible reading BC of pref emphasized devil and weakness of women
2. Early modern period had a bunch of rapid social and economic changes
3. Religious passion& wars caused suspicions among communities
4. Those targeted=outside society, and women did sometimes brew potions

Question 17

Population?

Answer 17

Peaked at about 1550, dropped due to strains, but went back up by 1700
Increased after 1720 from 120 to 180 mil

Question 18

Why did pop grow after 1720?

Answer 18

1. Diet bc of agricultural and commercial revolution
2. Transportation (roads and canals)
3. Decline of the plague
4. Weather- little ice age ends
5. Medical improvements- ehh kinda. Vaccines are introduced, but most stuff is still shit