Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Why did the irev happen in gb?

Answer 1

1. Geographic-trade and natural resources
2. Economic- arev means larger pop and mobile labor force, plus hella good banks and credit
3. Political- Laissez faire and mercantilist policies enacted
4. Social- aristocrats and middle class both want wealth

Question 2

3 big classical economists

Answer 2

Adam smith
Thomas Malthus
David Ricardo

Question 3

Thomas Malthus

1766-1834

Answer 3

Essay on human population: Food supply can’t keep up with pop growth
Inspired Darwin
Pessimistic

Question 4

David Ricardo

1772-1823

Answer 4

Iron law of wages- higher wages means more children means more people means lower teaches
Soo wages should be the lowest they could possibly be

Question 5

Inventions in textiles

Answer 5

1733- flying shuttle
1768- spinning Jenny (James Hargreaves)
1771- water frame (Richard Arkwright)
1785- power loom (Edmund Cartwright)
1793- cotton gin
The point? Industrialization is incremental
By 1800’s? Textiles are totally mechanized!

Question 6

James watt

1736-1819

Answer 6

Perfected steam engine by employing a separate condenser

Provided power for factories

Question 7

Developments in coal industry?

Answer 7

Traditionally, iron smelting used charcoal
Then, coke (a by product of coal) was invented to heat iron, which worked better
Later? Puddling and rolling allow factories to shape high quality iron

Question 8

Transportation developments?

Answer 8

Lots of canals, but railroads are #1!
First is called the rocket
Railroads-> more iron, steam engines, coal, tools, and steel-> backbone of Britain!

Question 9

Josiah Wedgwood

1730-95

Answer 9

Developed styles of pottery and porcelain

Question 10

What were the first factories?

Answer 10

Textiles in the 1780’s in northern industrial towns (Manchester and Liverpool)

Question 11

Crystal palace exhibition

1851

Answer 11

Britain hosts first worlds fair

Show off technology and progress

Question 12

France’s progress of industrialization?

Answer 12

More gradual, didn’t develop heavy industry

Question 13

Zollverein

Answer 13

Germany had strong natural resources and potential, but it wasn’t unified!
So fried rich list (1789-1846) argued for a national economic system (customs union)
Industry doesn’t take off til 1871

Question 14

Definition of irev

Answer 14

1. Assault on scarcity of old regime
2. Substitution of mechanical/mineral energy instead of animal/human energy
3. Riding output and declining costs -> higher standard of living

Question 15

Factory act of 1833

Public health act of 1848

Answer 15

Provided for inspection of factories, limit of hours, and education for children
Health provider for sanitary systems and public health boards

Question 16

Grand national consolidated trade union

Answer 16

Organized by Robert Owen

Attempted to create a union of workers throughout the whole country

Question 17

Chartists

Answer 17

Used petitions, mass meetings, and agitation to achieve universal male suffrage
Became associated with violence

Question 18

Luddism

Answer 18

Mad that machines were taking their skilled jobs

GB crushed them