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AP Euro > French Revolution > Flashcards

French Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Three estates

A

Clergy- 1%-10% of land, collected tithe
Nobles-2%-25% of land, got tax exemptions
Third-97%-65% of land, greatly varied (serfs to wealthy merchants)
Bourgeoisie and esp petty bourgeoisie (sans-culotte) are jelly of the nobles and are hit hardest by economy-liberals
Peasants were conservatives, but wanted to be free of feudal system

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2
Q

Political causes

A

Clash between nobility and monarchy
Louis xvi reinstalls parlement of Paris
Everyone kinda hated Louis xvi and MA
Letters de cachet=king can arrest whoever they want

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3
Q

Intellectual causes

A

Enlight did NOT directly cause frev, but it helped discontent crystallize into criticism of old regime and make people more aware

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4
Q

Economic causes

A

1714-89? Economy x10! But it’s unequal distribution
Tax system? Sucks! Rich people don’t get as much and farmers general take$
Arev only makes the debt worse
Louis tries to tax nobles, but they get mad and wouldn’t do it
1787? Bankruptcy! 87-89? Famine!

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5
Q

Cahiers de doléances

A

At start of estates general, louis told people to write their grievances down in these

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6
Q

2 issues of estates general

A
  1. Should 3rd estate get twice the votes?

2. Should we vote by person or by estate?

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7
Q

Committee of thirty

A

Group of liberal nobles, wanted more rights for 3rd estate

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8
Q

What is the third estate? By abbé sieyès

A

Pamphlet

3rd estate is the will of the nation, nobles are useless!

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9
Q

National Assembly

A

What the estate general calls itself after June 17,1789

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10
Q

Tennis court oath

June 20, 1789

A

NA is locked out, so they meet at a tennis court and pledge to write a new constitution
King raises army and dismisses finance minister

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11
Q

Storming of the Bastille

July 14, 1789

A

Crowds march to Bastille (prison) and form national guard, appointing marquis de Lafayette as head

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12
Q

Great fear

June-August 1789

A

Peasants attack courts and manors, angry at the feudal system
August 4? NA dismantles entire feudal system!

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13
Q

Declaration of rights of man and citizen

August 26, 1789

A

Expresses enlightenment principles like equality and freedom

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14
Q

October days

1789

A

Angry over bread prices, Women of Paris March on Versailles, killing guards and bringing the royal family to Paris

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15
Q

What are parlements, estates, provincial law codes, and tariffs replaced by?

A

83 equal departments, subdivided into cantons and communes

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16
Q

NA attacks Catholic Church

Nov 1789- July 1790

A

NA confiscates all Catholic Church land

Church is controlled by state, priests have to swear loyalty to Revolution (civil constitution of the clergy)

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17
Q

Constitution of 1791

June

A

Conservative, single legislative body with a constitutional monarch
Those who own property are “active” citizens
King tries to flee to varennes, is brought back to Tuileries

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18
Q

Champs de Mars massacre

A

Crowd gathers to demand republic, NA kills 50

Leads to more radical opinion and distrust of the monarchy

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19
Q

Jacobins club

A

Produces many revolutionary leaders

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20
Q

Edmund Burke

A

Conservative, condemns French Revolution and predicts it will cause violence and a military dictatorship

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21
Q

Why did the frev get radical?

A
  1. Economic problems- inflation and Laissez-faire stuff angered workers
  2. Royal family- people are suspicious
  3. Counterrevolution -other provinces, some clergy, religious peasants
  4. War- causes more violence and radicalism
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22
Q

When was the liberal phase?

A

1789-91

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23
Q

When was the radical phase?

A

1792-94

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24
Q

Declaration of pillnitz

August 1791

A

Austrian and Prussian rulers promise to restore order in france if other nations will help
Girodins think we need to go to war

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25
Q

France declares war on Austria

April 20, 1792

A

Louis supports bc he things France will lose

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26
Q

Brunswick manifesto

July 25, 1792

A

Austria and Prussia threaten revolutionaries with violence if telnet hurt the King and Queen
Ironically, it inflames violence

27
Q

Early radical people?

A

Jean-PAUL Marat and George Danton

Create Paris commune

28
Q

Second French Revolution

August 10, 1792

A

Armed mob storms Tuileries and arrest king
Constitution of 1791 is revoked
National convention is elected, more radical

29
Q

September massacres

1792

A

Fearing that prisoners will aid Austria/Prussia, revolutionaries massacre thousands of prisoners

30
Q

France is declared a republic

September 20-32, 1792

A

After victory in battle of valmy, NC abolishes monarchy

31
Q

King is tried and executed

Jan 21, 1793

A

Marks start of reign of terror

32
Q

Max Robespierre and the constitution of 1793

May-June 1793

A 
Paris commune executes giro sim leaders
The mountain (part of the jacobins) led by max takes over 
Constitution of 1793 (male suffrage) is passed but not put into action
33
Q

Committee of public safety

A

12 member board, caused reign of terror
Committee of general security=police
Aided by revolutionary tribunals, who execute over 50,000

34
Q

The vendée

A

A province of France that rises in counterrevolution against anti catholic and centralizing policies

35
Q

Levée en masse

A

Everyone has to contribute to the war effort

Fight for liberté, égalité, et fratenité

36
Q

Other reign of terror policies

A
  • set max prices for commodities
  • abolish slavery (after revolt in st. Dominique)
  • create new calendar (dechristianization)
  • festival of supreme being (deistic)
  • adopt metric system
  • military victories! Invade Netherlands
37
Q

Max executes other people too!

March-may 1794

A

March? Enragés (extreme liberals)

May? Danton and indulgents

38
Q

Successes of reign of terror?

A

Counterrevolution defeated!
French armies successful!
Inflation is going down!
But Max is still killing people

39
Q

Law of 22 prairial

A

Loosens standards for proof of treason and suggests more executions
Causes opponents to rally against max, who is executed in July 1794

40
Q

When was the Thermidor and directory?

A

1795-99

41
Q

Constitution of year III

1795

A

After reign of terror
All males can vote, but electors choose representatives
5 directors make up directory, who rule for 4 years
Faces opposition from left and right

42
Q

Conspiracy of equals

1796

A

Extremists attempt to established socialist govt, are executed

43
Q

Coup d’état of fructidor

Sept 1797

A

Royalists win elections, but directory annuls results and maintains power

44
Q

Coup d’état of Brumaire

1801

A

Napoleon and two others overthrow and create consulate

N soon outsmarts the other 2 and proclaims himself first council for life

45
Q

When did Napoleon rule?

A

1799-1814

46
Q

Napoleons policy on governance

A 
Legislative corps pretty much had to approve whatever the emperor said
Created professional bureaucracy 
Prefects from each district report to n
Used plebiscites to gain public support 
Press was censored, secret police
47
Q

N’s legal and social policies

A

Careers open to talent

Napoleonic code- national laws represent ideals of merit and equality, but restrict women’s rights

48
Q

N’s economic and financial policies

A

Modernized infrastructure (roads, bridges, monuments)
Established bank of France (modernize tax system)
Industrial stimulation)? Not so much

49
Q

N’s educational policies

A

Established nationwide system of schools (lycée) for everyone and technical universities

50
Q

N’s religious policies (concordat of 1801)

A

Pope regains some control of clergy and Catholicism is acknowledged as majority
However, France keeps properties and veto power
N is pretty tolerant

51
Q

Why was Napoleon so darn successful in war?

A
  1. Movement- strike quickly
  2. Defying tradition- ATTACK on Sunday’s, night, etc
  3. Offensive
  4. Propaganda- Napoleon is a liberator!
  5. Citizen armies- war is for people, not mercenaries
52
Q

Peace of Amiens

1802

A

France at peace with Britain after N defeated first 2 coalitions
Didnt last at all

53
Q

Treaty of Tilsit

1807

A

Napoleon defeats Austria, Prussia, and Russia

Master of the continent! Everyone is annexed, allied, or neutral!

54
Q

Battle of trafalgar

1805

A

Gb effectively defends its country from N

55
Q

Continental system

A

Forced nations to embargo British goods
Did not work very well
Russia withdrew, so France had to invade

56
Q

Napoleons defeat?

A

Forced to retreat from Moscow
Defeated by Germany at battle of nations (1814)
Ultimately at Waterloo (1815)

57
Q

N’s 2 goals for foreign policy

A
  1. Give conquered lands ideals of enlight and frev

2. Gain territory and influence for France

58
Q

N’s Policies in conquered states?

A
  • Abolished feudalism and centralized govt and law codes
  • created republics and appointed relatives to rule
  • tried to cut Britain off
59
Q

What happened to the HRE?

A

N declared it a confederation of the Rhine with 35 states

60
Q

What happened to Poland?

A

Duchy of Warsaw (like a mini Poland) is created

61
Q

Peninsular war

A

The people in Spain hated him bc he appointed his brother to rule Spain, so they did a guerrilla warfare thing

62
Q

What did women gain/not gain?

A

During moderate phase they gained rights about divorce, property, and child custody
Many declarations and secret society’s were killed (like olympe de gouges)
Napoleonic code sucked
So in all? Not really anything, but established agenda

63
Q

Causes of frev

A
  1. Social inequality
  2. Political (parlements)
  3. Intellectual (kinda enlight)
  4. Economic

AP Euro (17 decks)

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