Wk 5 Bone Pathology

Question 1

Osteopenia

Answer 1

generalized decrease in bone mineralization

Question 2

What stimulates PTH release

Answer 2

hypocalcemia

Question 3

Where does the primary hydroxylation of vitamin D occur

Answer 3

liver

Question 4

Where does the secondary hydroxylation of vitamin D occur

Answer 4

kidney

Question 5

What two elements are required for proper Ca absorption in the gut

Answer 5

PTH and dihydroxy vitamin D

Question 6

Is vit D required for bone calcification

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

What is the strongest predictor of osteoporosis

Answer 7

maternal hip fracture

Question 8

What is the usual cause of hyperparathyroidism

Answer 8

adenoma of parathyroid gland(s)

Question 9

What primary disease may cause secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 9

renal insufficiency

Question 10

Osteomalacia: deficient in one of which three nutrients

Answer 10

calcium, vit D, phosphate

Question 11

Radiological findings of osteomalacia

Answer 11

osteopenia

Question 12

Telltale serum finding of osteomalacia

Answer 12

elevated serum alkaline phosphatase

Question 13

Most common complaint with osteomalacia

Answer 13

diffuse skeletal pain w/o fracture

Question 14

Most common causative organism in osteomyelitis

Answer 14

Staph aureus

Question 15

What bugs most commonly causes osteomyelitis in sickle cell anemia patients

Answer 15

Salmonella

Question 16

Dx of osteomyelitis

Answer 16

bone scan or MRI

x-ray negative for first 10 days

Question 17

Pott’s disease

Answer 17

osteomyelitis of vertebrae secondary to Tb

Question 18

Most common physical cause of avascular bone necrosis

Answer 18

fracture

Question 19

Most common chemical cause of avascular bone necrosis

Answer 19

corticosteroid use

Question 20

Pathophys of Paget’s disease of bone

Answer 20

latent viral infection in osteoclasts

focal bone resorption, haphazard bone formation

Question 21

Paget’s disease: monostotic or polyostotic

Answer 21

can be either

Question 22

Telltale serum finding of Paget’s disease

Answer 22

elevated serum alkaline phosphatase

Question 23

What two diseases result in an elevated serum phosphatase

Answer 23

Paget’s and osteomalacia

Question 24

What does Paget’s disease look like on film

Answer 24

pitting

Question 25

What gene is defective in osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 25

type I collagen

Question 26

Pathophys of osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 26

no normal osteoid production secondary to type I collagen absence or dfect

Question 27

Classic osteolytic metastatic disease

Answer 27

myeloma

Question 28

Classic osteoblastic metastatic disease

Answer 28

prostate cancer

Question 29

Where do mets to bone most commonly come from

Answer 29

lungs, prostate, breast (visceral structures)

Question 30

Most common primary bone malignancy in young people

Answer 30

osteosarcoma

Question 31

Most common primary bone malignancy in older people

Answer 31

chrondrosarcoma

Question 32

Chrondrosarcomas most common in what joints

Answer 32

large

Question 33

Chondromas most common in what joints

Answer 33

small

Question 34

Metaphyseal fibrous defect

Answer 34

usually spontaneously regresses, may cause pathological fracture