Wk 1 Dermatopathology Flashcards
Vitiligo
autoimmune melanocyte destruction
Albinism
tyrosinase deficiency, little or no melanin produced
Freckles
pigmented lesion
increased pigment in basal melanocytes
Melasma
- where?
- characteristics?
- population affected?
pigmented lesion
- mask-like facial pigmentation
- hyperpigmentation
- pregnant women or those on birth control
Solar lentigo
- cause
- pathogenesis
pigmented lesion
- overexposure to sun
- excess melanin production/normal melanocyte #
Lentigo simplex
- pathology
- characteristic lesions
melanocytic hyperplasia
- genetically predisposed local melanocytic hyperplasia
- very dark, uniform lesions
Nevus
- layman’s term
- most common mutation
- mole
- BRAF mutation is most common
Junctional vs Compound Nevi
Junctional- only in epidermis
Compound- penetrating into dermis
Which layer of skin do nevi begin growing?
epidermis
Spitz nevus
- characteristics
- population affected
- treatment?
- bright red, dome-shaped. often confused with hemangioma
- generally found in children
- always remove these lesions
Blue nevi
- what do they look like?
- where is melanocyte proliferation occurring?
- look like melanomas
- melanocyte proliferation exclusively in dermis
Nevi:
- benign
- malignant
- sometimes malignant
always benign
Clinical signs of malignant melanoma
Asymmetry Border Color Diameter Evolution
Melanoma in situ vs Malignant melanoma
in situ = only in epidermal layer
malignant = spread to dermis
Most important indicator of melanoma’s invasiveness?
Breslow’s depth ( > 1 mm is bad)
Suborrheic keratosis
- malignancy potential?
- pathophys
- 0 malignancy potential
- increase in melanin production/not # of melanocytes
Acrochordon/Skin tag
- neoplastic?
- when might increase be seen?
- non-neoplastic
- during pregnancy, with diabetes/obesity
Epithelial cyst
- pathophys
- what is worrisome?
- downgrowth of epithelium filled w/ keratin
- worrisome if rupture–>infection
Actinic keratosis
- neoplastic?
- pathophys
- danger
- treatment
- benign neoplasm
- sun induced
- may become squamous cell carcinoma
- liquid NO
Squamous cell carcinoma
- neoplastic?
- precursor?
- potentially metastatic neoplasm
- actinic keratosis is potential precursor
Two forms of squamous cell carcinoma
- in situ: benign, confinded to epidermal layer
- invasive: invades basement membrane
Basal cell carcinoma
- pathophys
- cause?
- metastatic potential?
- proliferation near epidermal base
- sun exposure
- low metastatic potential
Adnexal neoplasms
neoplasms of supporting non-epidermal skin structures
Cowden’s syndrome
- differentiation towards what type of cell?
- malignancy potential to where?
- mutation where?
- trichilemmomas on face
- breast, endometrial, thyroid
- PTEN (tumor suppressor gene)
