Wk 5 Bone

Question 1

Endocrine function of osteoblasts

Answer 1

stimulation of PTH receptors causes release of osteoclast stimulating factor

–> bone resorption

Question 2

In what manner does bone grow

Answer 2

appositional growth

Question 3

Osteoblasts form what type of layer on bone

Answer 3

epitheloid layer

Question 4

What are the recesses that house osteocytes called

Answer 4

lacunae

Question 5

Are bones:
vascularized?
innervated?

Answer 5

yes

yes, especially periosteum

Question 6

Cellular origins of osteoclasts

Answer 6

monocytes

Question 7

Special microscopic characteristic of osteoclasts

Answer 7

multinucleated

Question 8

Howship’s lacunae

Answer 8

depression where osteoclast is located

Question 9

Hydroxyapatite crystals

Answer 9

calcium storage in bone

Question 10

What type of crystals store calcium in bone

Answer 10

hydroxyapetite

Question 11

What type of collagen is found in bone

Answer 11

type I

Question 12

Glycoproteins in bone matrix function to what

Answer 12

bind different matrix components together

Question 13

Cancellous/medullary bone

Answer 13

interior of bone, web-like network

Question 14

Where does most bone turnover happen

Answer 14

medullary bone (more surface area)

Question 15

Compact/cortical bone

Answer 15

dense, hard

Question 16

Woven bone

Answer 16

“primary bone”

present up to 4 y/o and healing

Question 17

Lamellar bone

Answer 17

“secondary bone”
replaces woven bone
mature bone

Question 18

Diaphysis

Answer 18

area between epiphyseal plates

Question 19

Metaphysis

Answer 19

transition from diaphysis to epiphysis

Question 20

Epiphysis

Answer 20

distal end/head of bone

Question 21

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 21

growth plate

Question 22

Covering of epiphyseal plate

Answer 22

perichondrium

Question 23

Where is periosteum found

Answer 23

only on diaphysis

Question 24

What type of bone is found in the metaphysis

Answer 24

medullary

Question 25

What type of cartilage is on the articular surfaces of bone

Answer 25

hyaline

Question 26

What type of cartilage makes up epiphyseal plate in children

Answer 26

haline

Question 27

What direction does bone mature

Answer 27

distal –> proximal

Question 28

Sharpey’s fibers

Answer 28

anchor periosteum to bone

Question 29

Where is the endosteum found

Answer 29

between marrow and matrix

Question 30

What direction does the Halversian system run

Answer 30

longitudinally

Question 31

What direction do the Volkmann’s Canals run

Answer 31

radially

Question 32

What are interstitially lamellae

Answer 32

remnants of partially resorbed bone

Question 33

What bones develop via intramembranous ossification

Answer 33

skull, mandible, maxilla, clavicle

Question 34

What is the stem cell percursor for intramembranous ossification

Answer 34

embryonic

Question 35

What bones develop via endochondral ossification

Answer 35

most

Question 36

Where are primary and secondary ossification centers

Answer 36

primary: center of diaphysis
secondary: in epiphysis

Question 37

3 phases of fracture repair

Answer 37

1. hemorrhage
2. soft callus
3. hard callus

Question 38

2 types of cells found in synovial capsule

Answer 38

fibroblasts

macrophages

Question 39

What types of cells secrete synovial fluid

Answer 39

fibroblasts

Question 40

Adult marrow color

Answer 40

yellow (may convert back to red when it needs to be)

Question 41

Scurvy

Answer 41

ascorbate deficiency

Question 42

Osteomalacia

Answer 42

prolonged adult deficiency of vitamin D

Question 43

Rickets

Answer 43

vitamin D deficiency during childhood, can lead to bowed legs as a result of not being able to bear weight

Question 44

Osteoporosis

Answer 44

osteoclast activity > osteoblast activity