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Psychology > WHOLE LOTTA REVIEW QUESTIONS > Flashcards

WHOLE LOTTA REVIEW QUESTIONS Flashcards

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1
Q

What is micturition?

A

Voiding, discharge of urine

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2
Q

What is hyperalimentation

A

The administration of nutrients through IV feeding

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3
Q

Advantages of ultrasound

A
  • Soft tissue information
  • No ionizing radiation
  • Serial studies in children-Dynamic information
  • Inexpensive
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4
Q

Disadvantages of US

A
  • Bowel gas/bone
  • Operator dependence
  • Patient size/resolution trade-off
  • Cooperation
  • Ternderness
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5
Q

Liver parenchyma arises from

a. Endoderm
b. Mesoderm
c. Ectoderm

A

Endoderm

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6
Q

What is the significance of Mesonephros?

A

provides partial function while permanent kidneys continue to develop
→ the mesonephric ducts/ Wolffian ducts (male genital structures), disappear in female

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7
Q

Which organs originate from foregut

A 
Pharynxoral cavity
upper/lower respiratory system
esophagus
stomach
duodenum 
liver 
bile ducts
pancreas
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8
Q

Name the parts of primordial gut

A

Foregut, midgut, hindgut

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9
Q

What is duct of Santorini?

A

Accessory pancreatic duct

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10
Q

What is the role of metanephros?

A

Metanephros becomes the permanent kidneys

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11
Q

What is the meaning of “coarctation”

A

Narrowing or constriction

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12
Q

What is the histological difference between
hemangioendotelioma and
cavernous hemangioma?

A

cavernous hemangioma = 1 endothelial layer & asymptomatic
hemangioendotelioma= 2 endothelial & symptomatic

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13
Q

A tumor marker often increased in cases of HCC, hepatoblastoma, and testicular cancer

A

AFP

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14
Q

An infant presents with a history of vomiting.
While evaluating the patient, you notice a vessel immediately anterior to the SMA
With further evaluation, this vessel is identified as SMV.
What condition is associated with this finding?

A

Midgut malrotation

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15
Q

List the causes of fatty infiltration of the liver in the pediatric population (9)

A 
Malnutition
hyperalimentation 
cystic fibrosis
glycogen storage disease 
malabsorption syndrome 
steroid therapy 
acute hepatitis 
obesity 
cushings syndrome
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16
Q

What abdominal pathology might you expect to find in a pt with cystic fibrosis during scan? (4)

A

Fatty liver / Liver cirrohis

Gallstones / GB sludge

Echogenic pancreas

Meconium ileus

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17
Q

The stomach in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is often filled with fluid even if the pt has been fasting
T/F

A

True

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18
Q

Patients with hemangioendothelioma typically are asymptomatic
t/f

A

False

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19
Q

Which disease results in the absence of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts and possibly the absence of the GB?

A

biliary atresia

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20
Q

Which of the following may cause cirrhosis of the liver?

Biliary atresia
Cystic fibrosis
Metabolic diseases

A

all of the above

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21
Q

With hypertrophic pyloric stenosis the stomach wall is grossly enlarged.
t/f

A

false

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22
Q

Most common pediatric liver mass?

A

Hepatoblastoma

23
Q

It is the 2nd most common cause of obstructive jaundice in children
Arises from the biliary tract
Solid, malignant

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

24
Q

Diff. diagnosis for a hepatoblastoma include (3)

A

Hepatoma
infantile hemangioendothelioma
mesenchyma hamartoma

25
Q

The IVC may be interrapted and drain via _______.

A

azygous vein

26
Q

Wedge-shaped, round or oval area of decreased echogenicity with good margins in liver.
Changes from hypo to hyper to calcification over time

A

hepatic infarction

27
Q

These structures may be mistaken for a renal cyst in infants and young children

A

renal pyramids

28
Q

Normal neonatal kidneys

  1. echogenic kidneys with prominent pyramids
  2. isoechoic to liver kidneys with prominent renal pyramids
  3. hypoechoic kidneys with hyperechoic renal sinus
  4. echogenic kidneys with dilated pelvis up to 2cm (AP)
A
  1. echogenic kidneys with prominent pyramids
29
Q

What’s enuresis?

A

Involuntary discharge of urine during sleep

30
Q

what is Vesicoureteral reflux

A

When valves at the junction of the ureter and bladder allow urine from bladder to back up into ureter and kidney

31
Q

An overly distended urinary bladder is common in cases of bilateral renal agenesis
T/F

A

False, the bladder is usually absent

32
Q

Prune belly syndrome associated with all of the following except

Cryptorchidism
Dysplastic kidneys
Wilm’s tumor
Absent abdominal muscles

A

Wilms tumor

33
Q

Most common malignant renal tumor in pediatric patients.

A

Wilms

34
Q

Male neonate
Rt kidney – NAD
Lt kindey – composed of multiple cysts of varying sizes. No normal parenchyma or sinus visualized.

What’s the most likely diagnosis?

A

Multicystic dysplastic kidney

35
Q

A neonate born with a palpable left flank mass.
US – large solid homogeneous mass in lt kidney. Very little normal renal parenchyma is seen.
Most likely diagnosis?
Renal cell carcinoma
Mesoblastic nephroma
Wilm’s tumor
Neuroblastoma

A

Mesoblastic nephroma

36
Q

Most common cause of hydronephrosis in pediatrics

A

UPJ obstruction

37
Q

A 2 month old with an enlarging palpable left flank mass and mild hypertension. Sonographically, a late, solid, ill defined echogenic mass is seen superior to the left kidney. Calcifications wit shadowing are present with the mass. The kidney appears to be displaced inferiorly. What is the most likely diagnosis.

a. Wilms
b. adrenal hemorrhage
c. Neuroblastoma
d. adrenal mets

A

c. Neuroblastoma

38
Q

what is the most common children adrenal tumor

A

nueroblastoma

39
Q

which of the following is false

a. Adrenal hemorrhage is typically diagnosed when infant is 1 month
b. infants who are premature or have neonatal sepsis, hypoxia and birth trauma may develop an adrenal hemorrhage
c. Jaundice may occur, as well as scrotal discolouration in male infants
d. Blunt abdo trauma or child abuse may cause hemorrhage in older infants

A

a. Adrenal hemorrhage is typically diagnosed when infant is 1 month
(first week)

40
Q

Angyomyolipomas closely associated with ….

A

Tuberous sclerosis

41
Q

The three most common causes of hydronephrosis are …

A

UPJ obstruction
UVJ obstruction
duplication of collecting system

42
Q

The most common sonographic finding in cases of pyelonephritis is ….

A

enlargement of the kidneys

43
Q

Neuroblastoma typically have defined borders.

t/f

A

False

44
Q

Why adrenal glands in neonates susceptible to hemorrhage?

When does this pathology commonly identified?

A
  • Large size and vascularity

- First week of life

45
Q

Children with cystic fibrosis are predisposed to gallstones

T/f

A

True

46
Q

What is the typical clinical presentation in pt with insulinoma? (3)

A

Hypoglycemia

  • Erratic behaviour
  • Seizures
47
Q

US appearance in chronic pancreatitis

A
  • Shrunken pancreas
  • Irregular borders
  • Echogenic due to fibrosis
  • Calcifications
48
Q

This condition is closely associated with IBD

Biliary atresia
Sclerosing cholangitis
Caroli’s dx
Choledochal cyst
GB hydrops
A

sclerosis cholangitis

49
Q

Sono features of portal hypertention in children

5

A 
Hepatofugal portal flow
Varices
Splenomegaly
Ascities
Cirrhosis
50
Q

Causes of portal vein thrombosis

A
  • thrombosis due to dehydration, catheterization, shock, portal hypertension
  • tumor invasion from HCC or hepatoblastoma
51
Q

3 most common causes of jaundice are:

A

Hepatitis,Biliary atresiaCholedochal cysts

52
Q

3 most common clinical symptoms of choledochal cysts

A

Mass, pain, jaundice

53
Q

Clinical symptoms of intussusception (5)

A
  • Dark red stool (currant-jelly stool)
  • Palpable abdominal mass
  • Abdominal distension
  • Intermittent colicky abdominal pain
  • Vomiting
54
Q

Asplenia does not affect the quality of life in children.

T/F

A

False, higher levels of morbidity and mortality

Psychology (31 decks)

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