Scrot and test 2

Question 1

2 main causes of pediatric pain or swelling of testes

Answer 1

torsion

epididymitits with or without orchitis

Question 2

teste torsion is

Answer 2

testis and cord test one or more times

Question 3

when is teste torsion most common

Answer 3

infancy and adolescence

Question 4

2 types of torsion

Answer 4

extravaginal 
intravaginal (more common)

Question 5

if torsion occurs below the epididymitis it is

Answer 5

torsion of mesorchium

Question 6

extravaginal torsion occurs most in

Answer 6

neonates and in utero

Question 7

what is extravaginal torsion

Answer 7

spermatic cord poorly fixed in inguinal canal. All of the scrotal contents are strangulated

Question 8

intravaginal torsion is seen more in

Answer 8

adolescents

Question 9

what is intravaginal torsion

Answer 9

Tunica vaginalis completely surrounds testis and inserts high on spermatic cord
Testis rotates freely on its vascular pedicle

Question 10

predisposing factor for torsion is

Answer 10

bell and clapper deformity

Question 11

does extravaginal have pain

Answer 11

noope. just swollen, red and enlarged

Question 12

does intravaginal have pain

Answer 12

oh yea, Severely tender scrotum, swollenness, hyperemia

Question 13

is intravaginal a medical emergency

Answer 13

yes will have immediate surgery

Question 14

recent extravaginal torsion US appearance

Answer 14

heterogeneously enlarged with hypo and hyper echoic areas

Question 15

chronic extravaginal torsion US appearance

Answer 15

normal size or enlarged, peripehral Ca2+

Question 16

early stage, 4-6hrs and after 24 hours appearance of intravaginal torsion

Answer 16

Early stage – normal
4-6 hrs – hypoechoic from edema
After 24 hrs – heterogenous from hemorrhage and infaction (missed torsion)

Question 17

does presence of flow exclude torsion in painful testis?

Answer 17

no, incomplete torsion can still show some flow

Question 18

who is acute epididymitis seen in

Answer 18

pubertal boys

Question 19

clinical signs of acute epididymitis is like torsion but

Answer 19

more gradual onset of pain, fever, pyuria

Question 20

mumps orchitis seen in

Answer 20

postpubertal boys infected with mumps

Question 21

acute epididymitis US appearance

Answer 21

coarse echoes
hypo echoic areas
hyperaemic blood flow
hydrocele 
skin thickening

Question 22

Most common cause of acute scrotal pain in prepubertal boys

Answer 22

torsion of the appendages of the the cord or testicle

Question 23

what is blue dot sign

Answer 23

small, firm, round, mobile, tender paratesticular mass with bluish discolouration visible through skin, showing torsion of appendix in that location

Question 24

torsion of testicular appendix seen as

Answer 24

Solid, ovoid mass with variable sized hypoechoic centre and hyperechoic rim

Question 25

testicular torsion can cause hematoma which appears as

Answer 25

avascular masses with varying echogenisity

Question 26

when looking for testicular rupture we are looking at

Answer 26

disruption of thetunica albuginea, which is normallya smooth echogenic line
and presence of possible hematocele