Kidney

Question 1

Renal ultrasound indications

Answer 1

renal anomalies
prenatal findings
Uti, enuresis, diuresis, palpable mass

Question 2

Normal neonate kidneys appearance

Answer 2

Renal pyramids or medulla appear as hypoechoic, triangular or rectangular structures-can be mistaken for cysts

Question 3

renal lobulations normal?

Answer 3

in neonates and infants yes, should disapear with age

Question 4

describe renal sinus in infants and children

Answer 4

less fat filled than in adults

Question 5

renal pelvis is located in the

Answer 5

renal sinus

Question 6

renal pelvis should measure ___mm in supine position

Answer 6

<10mm

Question 7

cortex echogenicity compared to liver in normal premature infant

Answer 7

more echogenic than liver

Question 8

is newborn sinus well seen

Answer 8

no, poorly defined because of lack of fat in infants

Question 9

6-8 weeks brightness of cortex

Answer 9

isoechoic to liver and spleen

Question 10

2-6 months brightness of cortex

Answer 10

hypo echoic to liver and spleen

Question 11

more than 6 months brightness of cortex

Answer 11

Hypoechoic to renal sinus

Question 12

length measurements of kidneys related to

Answer 12

childs weight, age and height

Question 13

are abnormalities of kidneys unilateral or bilateral, symmetric or asymmetric?

Answer 13

Any of the above

Question 14

What is more common uni or bilateral renal agenisis

Answer 14

unilateral

Question 15

unilateral genesis more common in what gender

Answer 15

males

Question 16

what kidney is usually missing in agenesis

Answer 16

left

Question 17

what adrenal sign is seen on the unilateral agenesis side

Answer 17

lying down adrenal

Question 18

bilateral renal agenesis allows living

Answer 18

yeah no

Question 19

bilateral renal agenesis associated with

Answer 19

oligohydraminos and potters syndrome (affects the face)

Question 20

what is absent with bilateral renal agenesis

Answer 20

bladder

Question 21

crossed fused ectopic kidneys are prone to

Answer 21

obstruction

Question 22

where are ectopic kidneys usually located

Answer 22

in pelvis occasionally in the chest

Question 23

ectopic kidney can present as

Answer 23

palpable mass

Question 24

what does a child with duplex kidney typically present with

Answer 24

UTI

Question 25

sono features of duplex kidney (5)

Answer 25

Duplex kidney is longer than the contralateral side
Upper pole ureter prone to obstruction
Dilated ureter
Lower pole dilates due to vesicoureteric reflux
Duplex kidneys are often bilateral

Question 26

Normal numb3r of pyramids

Answer 26

8-18