GREAT VESSELS

Question 1

doppler pattern in IVC

Answer 1

monophasic

Question 2

what is situs inversus

Answer 2

IVC on the left side

Question 3

what is IVC interruption

Answer 3

IVC draining via an anzygous continuation

Question 4

IVC pathology can be site of ___

Answer 4

thrombus

Question 5

tumour invasion into the IVC from Wilms tumour can occur from (4)

Answer 5

Kidneys (RCC) / Liver (HCC)
Adrenals (Neuroblastoma)
Retroperitoneum (Sarcoma)
Lymphoma

Question 6

most common reason for evaluating aorta in neonates **

Answer 6

thrombus

Question 7

clinical presentations of thrombus (6)

Answer 7

• absent femoral pulses
• hematuria
• cyanosis
• hypertension
• blanching (pale) of the lower extremities
• necrotizing enterocolitis

Question 8

sono appearance of thrombus

Answer 8

echogenic material within the aortic lumen
over time aorta can appear to contain thin linear structures
totally or partially filled aorta
clot may be long/thick
Color to demonste flow around thrombus, normal flow reversal and presence of collaterals

Question 9

An indwelling umbilical artery catheter is visualized as

Answer 9

two parallel lines with an anechoic center representing the catheter

Question 10

Coarctation of the Abdominal Aorta found mostly where in the aorta

Answer 10

descending thoracic part

Question 11

Renal artery stenosis occurs in _____ Coarctation of the Abdominal Aorta

Answer 11

more than half

Question 12

clinical presentations of Coarctation of the Abdominal Aorta

Answer 12

severe hypertension
headaches
fatigue
decreased femoral pulse
Infants:
failure to thrive

Question 13

Congenital Abnormalities of spleen

Answer 13

polyspenia, asplenia

Question 14

cysts of spleen

Answer 14

a) Congenital  epithelial lined
b) Post-traumatic pseudo w/o lining
c) Hydatid

Question 15

abscess of spleen found in

Answer 15

found in immunocompromised or

leukemic children with candidiasis

Question 16

calcifications of spleen due to

Answer 16

granulamatous infections such as

histoplasmosis, tuberculosis

Question 17

enlargement of spleen causes (5)

Answer 17

Infection-bacterial/viral/fungal/protozoan
Lymphoma
Leukemia
Cirrhosis/Portal Hypertension
Congestive Heart failure

Question 18

sono appearance of lymph nodes

Answer 18

• one or more hypoechoic homogenous structures that may combine to appear as one large mass
• multiple masses most commonly found around IVC and aorta

Question 19

lymph node swelling associated with (3)

Answer 19

associated with lymphoma, Wilms tumour and neuroblastoma

Question 20

most common presacral mass

Answer 20

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

Question 21

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma benign has

Answer 21

fat, Ca++, bone, teeth

Question 22

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma malignant is

Answer 22

solid with cystic areas