PANC

Question 1

how is the pancreas in kids different than adults

Answer 1

more lean and easy to see

Question 2

Peditric pancreas appearance

Answer 2

homogenous and more hypo echoic than adult

Question 3

panic duct will be what size

Answer 3

< 1mm

Question 4

how does cystic fibrosis affect the pancreas (4)

Answer 4

Exocrine glands produce highly viscous mucus
Small ductules of panc get obstructed
Tissue destruction, atrophy, replacement with fibrosis and fat
Pancreatic insufficiency →improper digestion, steatorrhea

Question 5

sono appearance of cystic fibrosis panc (3)

Answer 5

hyperechoic and small panc.
Small cysts and Ca2+ may be present
Liver disease and gallstones

Question 6

congentital cysts (2)

Answer 6

Von Hippel Lindau

Autosomal Polycystic disease

Question 7

types of pancreatic neoplasms

Answer 7

Pancreatic Carcinoma
Islet Cell Tumors (Insulinoma)
Lymphoma (mets)

Question 8

Pancreatic Carcinoma clinical presentation

Answer 8

Non-specific signs and symptoms

Question 9

is Pancreatic Carcinoma a functioning tumour

Answer 9

no

Question 10

pancreatic carcinoma sono features (3)

Answer 10

Large at presentation
Hypoechoic mass
Mets to the liver, lymph nodes, and lungs typically has occurred

Question 11

______ of islet cell tutors produce hormones

Answer 11

2/3rds

Question 12

the other third of islet cell tutors do what

Answer 12

grow large and obstructs the biliary system or GI tract

Question 13

how is islet cell tutor diagnosed

Answer 13

Well circumscribed
Anechoic
Mets might be present

Question 14

causes of acute pancreatitis (5)

Answer 14

Blunt abdo trauma
Infections, usually viral
Drug toxicity
Hereditary 
Idiopathic

Question 15

what is pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis

Answer 15

pancreatic enzymes escape into surrounding tissue

Question 16

clinical presentation of acute pancreatitis (3)

Answer 16

N&V
Abdo pain
Fever, tachycardia, abdo distention

Question 17

sono appearance acute pancreatitis (3)

Answer 17

Enlarged pancreas
Edematous
Less echogenic than liver

Question 18

dilated panc duct =

Answer 18

1.5 mm or more

Question 19

lab data for pseudo cyst

Answer 19

increase serum amylase

Question 20

pseudocyst sono (4)

Answer 20

Anechoic / TT
Sharp walls
Single or multiple
Simple or complex (internal echoes from pus or debris)

Question 21

what is phlegmon

Answer 21

Solid inflammatory mass
Consists of necrotic tissue, inflammatory exudate and tissue edema
Can develop into abscess

Question 22

treatment of access in panc

Answer 22

percutaneous drainage

Question 23

what does pancreatitis cause (2)

Answer 23

fibrosis and destruction of pancreatic cells

Question 24

Pancreatic fibrosis causes

Answer 24

areas of strictures and dilation of the main pancreatic duct

Question 25

chronic pancreatitis advance stage (4)

Answer 25

Shrunken pancreas
Irregular borders
Echogenic due to fibrosis
Calcifications