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Psychology > LIVER 3 > Flashcards

LIVER 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

3 hepatic liver diseases

A

fatty liver
cirrhosis
hepatic fibrosis

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2
Q

Fatty Infiltration caused by and results from

A

Caused by chronic hepatic injury and results from an accumulation of abnormal triglycerides and lipids

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3
Q

why has fatty infiltration become a concern

A

increasing childhood obesity rates

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4
Q

is fatty infiltration permanent

A

can be reversible

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5
Q

Diffuse Fatty Infiltration sono appearance

A

Large and echogenic liver with decreased vis of the hepatic veins

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6
Q

focal fatty infiltration appearance

A

Distinct areas of increase echogenicity

does not change contour of liver but appearas like mass

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7
Q

Cirrhosis cause

A

Parenchymal destruction, scarring, fibrosis and nodular regeneration

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8
Q

Cirrhosis clinical presentation (3)

A

Hepatomegaly (in early stages)
Jaundice
Ascites

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9
Q

cirrhosis lab tests

A

↗ AST, ALT, LDH

↗ Direct & indirect bilirubin

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10
Q

cirrhosis signs on ultrasound

A 
Small liver (late stage)
Surface nodularity
Coarse/heterogenous echo
Increased echo
Signs of ascites, splenomegaly, portal hypertension
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11
Q

hepatic fibrosis is associated with

A

ARPKD

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12
Q

what is hepatic fibrosis

A

Excessive connective tissue build up due to chronic injury

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13
Q

clinical presentation of hepatic fibrosis (2)

A

Hepatomegaly

Portal hypertension

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14
Q

sono features of hepatic fibrosis (2)

A

increased echogenicity of liver

-biliary dilatation

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15
Q

4 hepatic vascular disorders

A

Portal Hypertension
Portal Vein Thrombosis
Budd-Chiari*
Hepatic Infarction

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16
Q

what is portal hypertension

A

Increased resistance to normal portal flow

17
Q

clinical presentation of portal hypertension (5)

A 
Splenomegaly
Ascites
Caput medusa
In severe cases:
Hematemesis
Hepatic encephalopathy
18
Q

3 types of obstruction leading to portal hypertension

A

Prehepatic (PV or spl. vein thrombosis)
Intrahepatic (cirrhosis)
Posthepatic (heart conditions)

19
Q

sono features of portal hypertension (5)

A 
Hepatofugal portal flow
Varices
Splenomegaly
Ascities
Cirrhosis
20
Q

What two things can cause portal vein thrombosis

A

Can be caused by thrombosis due to dehydration, catheterization, shock or portal hypertension
or
tumor invasion from HCC or hepatoblastoma

21
Q

clinical presentations of portal vein thombosis

A
  • Acute abdo pain

- splenomegaly

22
Q

sono features of portal vein thrombosis (6)

A

Enlarged, echogenic portal veins
Absent doppler
Vis tumor invasion
Cavernous transformation (in chronic PVT)
Acute PVT can mimic normal portal vein on grey scale ..why?
Collaterals

23
Q

Budd-Chiari syndrome is clinical features of

A

features of hepatic venous outflow obstruction

24
Q

causes of budd-chiari syndrome (3)

A

Idiopathic occlusion
Neoplastic invasion (Hepatoblastoma, HCC, Wilms tumor)
Thrombosis

25
Q

sono findings of Budd-Chiari syndrome (6)

A

Primary findings
Hepatomegaly
Echogenic clot in HVs
Absence of flow in HVs

Secondary findings
Ascites
Pleural effusion
GB wall edema

26
Q

Hepatic Infarction due to

A

hepatic blood supply, rare tho becuase of dual supply

can occur with hepatic artery occlusion

27
Q

sono features of hepatic infarction

A

Wedge-shaped, round or oval area of decreased echogenicity
Good margins
Changes from hypo to hyper to calcification over time

28
Q

most commonly injured abdominal organ in blunt abdominal trauma in children

A

liver lol

29
Q

hepatic cysts associated with

A

multicystic kidney disease and Von Hippel Lindau disease

Can be acquired via trauma

30
Q

Hydatid echinococcal cysts

A

Parasitic (tapeworm)

Echinococcus

31
Q

Hydatid echinococcal cysts caused from

A

Exposure to livestock, farming, dogs

Parasite reaches liver from intestines through PV

32
Q

Hydatid echinococcal cysts sono appearance

A 
Simple cyst
Complex cyst (daughter cysts, septa, debris, floating membranes)
33
Q

Hydatid echinococcal cysts clinical signs (5)

A 
Urticaria
RUQ pain
Hepatomegaly
Lungs, brain, kidneys can be affected
Rupture of cyst to peritoneum – anaphylactic shock

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