Kidneys 2 Flashcards
hydronephrosis is
dilation of the collecting system (calyces, pelvis, ureters)
where is hydronephrosis frequently diagnosed
in utero
most common cause of hydronephrosis
UPJ obstruction
all 3 causes of hydronephrosis
UPJ Obstruction- m/c
UVJ/Distal Urethral Obstructions
Duplication of the collecting system
the 3 degrees of hydronephrosis
Mild - Grade 1:
minimal separation of sinus echoes
fluid-filled calyces
Moderate - Grade 2:
anechoic separation of the entire central sinus
calyces are enlarged
Severe - Grade 3:
extensive separation of the sinus
parenchymal thinning
loss of normal kidney appearance
what is seen with UPJ obstruction
Multiple communicating cystic lesions are seen and are uniform and similar in size
What can cause UVJ obstruction
Distal stenosis or stricture, atresia
Ectopic insertion of ureter
Bilateral hydronephrosis signals
blockage may be in the bladder or urethra, could be ureterocele
duplicated collecting system causing hydronephrosis
Dilated upper pole and a separate dilated ureter which can be followed to the bladder
The ureter is dilated due to abnormal ectopic insertion into the bladder
what is hypoplasia of kidney
Small but otherwise normal kidney
when does hypoplasia occur
Secondary to infection or vascular occlusion
dysplasia of kidneys associated with
urinary tract malformations in 90% of cases
appearance of dysplastic kidneys (4)
Kidneys are small or large
No corticomedullary junction
May have cysts
Pelvis may be dilated
Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV) most common cause of
urethra obstruction in booys
what is Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV)
A mucosal flap or fold or extra urethral tissue in posterior part of urethra
