Scrot and Test 3 Flashcards
is US good at detecting testicular tumors
yuuus, 100% sensitivity
most intratesticular masses are
malignant
most extratesticular masses are
benign
_____% of testicular tumours are malignant
80%
testicular neoplasms most common in
< 2.5 years and later adolescents
Children with ________ are 30-50 times more likely to develop a testicular neoplasm
cryptorchidism
6 types of germ cell tumors
Seminoma Yolk sac tumor Embryonal carcinoma Choriocarcinoma Teratocarcinoma Teratoma (benign)
2 types of non germ cell tutors
leydig cell tumor and sertoli cell tumor
most important thing for differentiating between tumor, hematoma, orchitis or abbess
clinical history
most testicular tumours are
hypo echoic, well defined, solid, hemorrhage, necrosis, calcifications, hydrocele, hyper vascular
seminoma most common in
adults, rare in children
seminoma associated with
cryptorchidism
seminoma US appearance
hypo echoic, heterogenous, distorts testis if large, vascular
yolk sac tumor most common tumor in
prepubescent children
yolk sac tumor S/S
painless scrotal mass with increase AFP
choriocarcinoma indications
increased B HCG level
3 highly malignant tumors
yolk sac
embryonal carcinoma
choriocarcinoma
teratoma benign or malignant
benign
teratoma affects
children <4 yrs
sono appearance of teratoma
complex mass with serous filled cystic areas, with possible areas of fat or calcification
teratocarcinoma has a very similar appearance
2 Stromal tumors
leydig and sertoli
stromal tumors benign or malignant
benign
Stromal tumors S/S and appearance
slow groiwng, hormone secreting
well circumscribed, small and hypo echoic
leydig secrete
testosterone
sertoli secrete
mostly inactive hormones but some secrete estrogen, this can lead to gynacomastia
5 extratesticular causes of scrotal masses
Hydrocele Hematocele Scrotal hernia/Inguinal hernia Varicoceles Spermatoceles/Epidydimal cysts
what is hydrocele
abnormal collection of serous fluid in scrotal sac
what is communicating hydrocele
congenital hydrocele that occurs if processus vaginalis fails to close during development
what is reactive hydrocele
acquired hydrocele that might be caused by infection, torsion, truama or tumor
acquired hydroceles more common in
older children
what is hematocele
blood in the tunica vaginalis
hematocele cause
surgery/ trauma mostly sometimes malignant tumor
sono appearance hematocele
- fluid collection with debris, septations or fluid-debris levels.
what is varicocele
dilated veins of pampiniform plexus (mostly left side)
sono of varicocele
serpentine anechoic structures
inguinal hernia occur more on what side
left
no paristalsis in
incarcerated hernia
testicular microlithiasis seen in patients with
Down’s syndrome
Cryptorchidism
Klinefelter’s syndrome
it is asymptomatic tho
what is testicular microlithiasis
calcified debris in the seminiferous tubules
testicular microlithiasis associated wit h
diseases that have increased risk of malignancy
spermatocele
Occur in epi head, consist of fluid, spermatazoa, and sediment
epididymal cysts
Contain no spermatazoa, in epi head, body and tail, anechoic
Can present as a mass
