Abdomen Flashcards
main importance of embryology
Many abnormalities are interrelated with other systems.
Basic understanding of embryology will help to perform complete examination of relevant systems
what is organogenesis
Cephalocaudal and lateral foldings lead to formation of primitive/primordial gut from endoderm
The Foregut makes
Pharynx, oral cavity, upper/lower respiratory system, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, bile ducts and pancreas
During the duodenal development the lumen becomes ______ and _________
obliterated and recanalizes
if duodenal development fails then what happens
duodenal atresia or stenosis (entry of the CBD)
duodenal atresia or stenosis will present as
Infants bile stained vomiting
the midgut forms
Forms the part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix and part of transverse colon
physiological herniation of the midgut is weeks
9-11
what happens during physiological herniation
Midgut forms a loop and elongates into the umbilicus because of lack of space and does an anticlockwise rotation before returning to the abdomen
physiological herniation must be done by
week 12
last structures to return in physiological herniation
cecum and appendix
the hindgut forms
the left third of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, rectum and upper part of the anal canal
Rectum is separated from urogenital organs by a
septum
If there is abnormal separation during hind-gut formation, fistulas to the _____, ______ and _____ occur.
urethra, bladder and vagina
Endodermal outgrowth or hepatic diverticulum forms
during what weeks
week 4-6
Caudal portion of hepatic diverticulum differentiates
into cystic duct and GB
In the cephalic portion of the hepatic diverticulum 2 buds begin forming the right and left hepatic lobes, what happens past this
The buds grow into columns that branch and form networks. These eventually become the liver sinusoids.
The columns of endodermal cells and the liver parenchyma grow into the surrounding mesoderm
The mesoderm provides tissue for the portal tracts and the Glisson capsule
when does the change in sizes of the hepatic lobes occur
By end of the 6th week the right lobe becomes larger, left lobe undergoes some degeneration
Oxygenated blood/nutrients are delivered via ____ which has ___ branches
umbilical vein
2 branches
Ligamentum venosum and teres
can become recanalized as
collaterals in portal hypertension.
the spleen develops from
mesenchymal (mesoderm) cells
the early mesodermal cells of the spleen differentiate to from (3)
splenic pulp, supportive connective tissue and capsule pulp
white pulp of the spleen consist of
lymphatic tissue (lymphocytes and macrophages)
red pulp of the spleen consist of
the vascular sinuses that are capable of storing more than 300mL of blood.
