neonatal brain 3 Flashcards
what is hydrocephalus
progressive dilation of ventricular system
3 mechanisms leading to hydro cephalic
Obstruction to CSF outflow
Decreased CSF absorption
CSF overproduction
what grades of hemorrhage can cause hydrocephalus
3 and 4
what are 3 signs of hydrocephalus
Increasing head size
Bulging of the anterior fontanelle
Separation of cranial sutures
what can occur later with hydro cephalic
Bradycardia, apnea and increased ICP
thus monitoring is important
what is ependymitis
swelling of the ependymal linings of the ventricles.
it will have increased echogenicity
infants with progressive hydrocephalus and increased ICP may require
shunt
what is done to identify ICP
a slight pressure is applied to the head with using spectral doppler of pericallosal artery
does cerebellar hemorrhage have crazy symptoms
no it may be silent and just found out of routine
how is cerebral hemorrhage viewed
through mastoid fontanelle
normal posterior fossa viewed through
mastoid fontanelle
what will hemorrhage appear as
large echogenic space
what is periventricular leukomalacia
hypoxic ischemic brain injury
leukomalacia means softening of white tissue
common sites of periventricular leukomalacia
White matter adjacent to peritrigonal area of lateral ventricles
Frontal cerebral white matter anterolateral to frontal horns
sono appearance of PVL
Increased echogenicity in affected area
Bilateral and symmetric
Echogenicity should not be > choroid plexus
Difficult to differentiate from periventricular blush
Later changes to PVL
Formation of cysts as a result of necrosis and cavitation