Female Pelvis 1 Flashcards
both sexes have
mesonephric (wolfian) and paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts
what determines is fetus is male
testosterone and MIS
if there is no testosterone:
mesonephric duct regresses and mullerian duct develops into female organs
Paramesonephric ducts develop into
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Cervix
Upper vagina
lower vagina develops from the
urogenital sinus
functions of ovaries
Gonads – contain egg cells (oocytes)
Endocrine glands - produce hormones
how many oocytes at birth
1 million
how many oocytes at menarche
half million
3 main reasons to examine neonate pelvis
Pelvic/Abdominal mass
Ambiguous genitalia
Prenatally detected abdominal/pelvic cyst
young girls reason to examine pelvis
Vaginal bleeding/discharge
Pelvic pain or mass
ovarian volumes of neonate- 6 yo, 6-11yo, and after puberty
neonate- 6 yo: 1ml
6-11yo: 2.5 ml
after puberty : 10 mL
ovaries and uterus get smaller after birth ? T/F
true Ovaries and uterus are larger in a newborn compared to 1-2 yrs old girls
size of follicles in neonate
> 9mm
shape of uterus at neonate, prepubertal and pubertal stage
neonate: spade
Prepubertal: tube
Pubertal: Pear
what is uterine malformation
abnormal development of the female genital tract
origin of uterine malformations is a t
mullerian duct
uterine malformations associated with
renal and skeletal malformations
3 main categories of uterine malformations
arrested development of mullerian ducts
failure of fusion
failure of resorption of median septum
what do bilateral and unilateral arrested development lead to
bilateral: uterine agenesis/ hypoplasis
Unilateral: unicorn unicollis
bilateral arrested development also called
mayer-rokitansky-kruster-hauser syndrome
what is seen with unicornis unicollis
rudimentary horn
result of complete and incomplete failure of fusion
complete: didelphys
incomplete: Uterus bicornis bicollis, Uterus bicornis unicollis, Uterus arcuatus
is failure of fusion associated with vaginal septa
yes 25% of the time
result of complete and incomplete failure of reabsorption
complete: uterus septus
incomplete: uterus subseptus
most common malformation of uterus
failure of reabsorption
best view of uterine malformations
transverse
3 reasons for genital tract obstruction
imperforate hymen
transverse vaginal septum
vaginal atresia or stenosis
(these are all congenital most of the time)
what is hydrocolpos
premenstrual vaginal secretions trapped
clinical presentation of genital tract obstruction in neonates
abdo mass `
clinical presentation of genital tract obstruction afterpuberty
amenorrhea and cyclical pain
what is important when looking at neonatal cystic pelvis mass `
surface of the cystic mass must be examined to determine if there is any uterine musculature and that it is separate from the bladder
what age must paediatric pregnancy be considered if there is a pelvic mass
9 yo
definition of ambiguous genitalia
If a child born with a micropenis with no palpable gonads or only one palpable gonad
what is pelvic inflammatory disease
Infection of the upper genital tract usually caused by gonorrhea or chlamydia
who is at highest risk of PID
sexually active adolescent females
PID can result in
chronic pelvis pain
ectopic pregnancy
infertility
acute PID generally causes
endometritis
can ascend more and cause
pyosaphinx and hydrosalpinx
PID U/S appearance
enlarged ovaries with tubo-ovarian complex
the tubo-ovarian complex will become access
2 complications of PID
gonococcal or chlamydial perihepatitis
