What I do not know for my Unit 1 Exam

Question 1

different forms of an element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Answer 1

isotopes

Question 2

carbon 14 and 12 are examples of alternate forms of carbon are

Answer 2

isotopes

Question 3

any substance that occupies space and has mass

Answer 3

matter

Question 4

are unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot be broken down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions. there are 118 but only 92 occur naturally

Answer 4

elements

Question 5

name the four elements common to all living organisms

Answer 5

oxygen, carbon. hydrogen, and nitrogen

Question 6

name the two regions and atom is composed of

Answer 6

the nucleus and the outer most region of the atom which holds its electrons in orbit around the nucleus

Question 7

mostly empty space

Answer 7

atoms

Question 8

monomer: nucleotide

Answer 8

nucleic acid

Question 9

polymer: DNA and RNA

Answer 9

nucleic acid

Question 10

linkage :phosphodiester bond

Answer 10

nucleic acid

Question 11

function in cell: DNA stores genetic information and RNA is used to make protein

Answer 11

nucleic acid

Question 12

monomer: amino acid

Answer 12

proteins

Question 13

polymer: polypeptide/protein

Answer 13

proteins

Question 14

linkage: peptide `

Answer 14

proteins

Question 15

consists of one oxygen connected to two hydrogens by polar covalent bonds

Answer 15

describing the structure water step 1

Question 16

water consists of the one oxygen connected to two hydrogens by polar covalent bonds. These polar covalent lead to the hydrogens of the water molecule being partially positively charged and the oxygen having two regions of partial negative charge.

Answer 16

describing the structure of water step 2

Question 17

these polar covalent lead to the hydrogens of the water molecule being partially positively charged and the oxygen having two regions of partial negative charge. The partial positive charge of one water molecule can interact with partial negative charge of another water molecule (via hydrogen bonding) and vice versa.

Answer 17

describing the structure of water and how the structure leads to other molecules being classified as hydrophilic and hydrophobic part 3

Question 18

The partial positive charge of one water molecule can interact with partial negative charge of another water molecule via hydrogen bonding and vice versa. Water molecules make a network of hydrogen bonds.

Answer 18

describing the structure of water and how the structure leads to other molecules being classified as hydrophilic and hydrophobic part 4

Question 19

Water molecules make a network of hydrogen bonds. Atoms or molecules that are charged or polar can interact either water molecules and are hydrophilic.

Answer 19

describing the structure of water and how the structure leads to other molecules being classified as hydrophilic and hydrophobic part 5

Question 20

Atoms of molecules that are charged or polar can interact either water molecules and are hydrophilic. Atoms that are uncharged disrupt the hydrogen bonding of water and are hydrophobic.

Answer 20

describing the structure of water and how the structure leads to other molecules being classified as hydrophilic and hydrophobic part 6

Question 21

Atoms that are uncharged disrupt the hydrogen bonding of water and are hydrophobic. water will push those molecules into a shape that disrupts the fewest hydrogens bonds (minimizing the surface area).

Answer 21

describing the structure of water and how the structure leads to other molecules being classified as hydrophilic and hydrophobic part 7

Question 22

It is energetically favorable for each water molecule in a solution to be able to make 4 hydrogen bonds. Hydrophilic molecules are charged or polar and will allow water molecules to hydrogen bond with them.

Answer 22

what makes a molecule hydrophilic

Question 23

Hydrophobic molecules are uncharged and water cannot form a hydrogen bond with them. Water molecules together (to reduce the surface area) to minimize the number of water hydrogen bonds that are broken,

Answer 23

what makes a molecule hydrophobic

Question 24

The reaction used to join a monomer to another monomer or a growing polymer. The chemical reaction that joins the two units joined together results in the formation of a water molecule.—- different types of monomers can combine in many configurations, giving rise to a diverse group of macromolecules

Answer 24

what are dehydration reactions and why are they important in biology

Question 25

The reverse of a dehydration reaction. A water molecule is broken down to break the bond between two sub units in a polymer, releasing one monomer. Each macromolecule is broken down by a specific enzyme

Answer 25

what are hydrolysis reactions and why are they important in biology

Question 26

combines with an hydroxyl group of another monomer releasing a molecule of water

Answer 26

dehydration synthesis

Question 27

means put together while losing water

Answer 27

dehydration synthesis

Question 28

catalyzed or sped up

Answer 28

hydrolysis reaction

Question 29

Because of the network of hydrogens in liquid water, it takes a large amount of heat energy to change to the temperature of water. This moderates the temperature of areas near water, causing it to be cooler during hot periods and warmer during cool periods, which allows living things in or near the water to not have to adapt to extreme tepreature

Answer 29

moderation of temperature in reference to water polarity and cohesion of water molecules makes water the solvent of life

Question 30

function in the cell; Catalyze chemical reactions (enzymes), structural roles, pores in membranes, many other functions

Answer 30

proteins

Question 31

Monomer: three fatty acids and a glycerol (for a simple lipid/fat) (

Answer 31

lipids

Question 32

Linkage: ester linkage

Answer 32

lipids

Question 33

polymer: simple lipid (fat) ( also includes complex lipids (phospholipids and steroids)

Answer 33

lipids

Question 34

function in the cell: simple lipid-chemical energy storage, complex lipid is used to make the cell membrane, steroids stabilizes membranes chemical signaling

Answer 34

lipids

Question 35

function in the cell: chemical energy storage, used to make cell walls

Answer 35

carbohydrates

Question 36

Linkage: glycosidic bond

Answer 36

carbohydrates

Question 37

polymer: polysaccharide also diasaccharides, oligosaccharides

Answer 37

carbohydrates

Question 38

monomer: monosaccharide

Answer 38

carbohydrates

Question 39

decay that gives off particles and energy. This decay can lead to a change in the number of protons in an atom, which will make a different element.

Answer 39

why radioactive isotopes are unstable isotopes where the nucleus decays spontaneously

Question 40

The network of hydrogen bonds in water allows water to be drawn upward, such as in the network of plants. The surface tension of water is also caused by hydrogen bonds.

Answer 40

adhesion and cohension of water molecules makes water the solvent of life

Question 41

interaction with hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions of macromolecules into a particular shape, which allows those macromolecules to have a biological function (examples: phospholipids assemble into membranes due to water, protein structure is also based off of interaction with water)

Answer 41

examples of water polarity and cohesion of water molecules makes water the solvent of life in reference to interactions with hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Question 42

a way of knowing about the natural world

Answer 42

science

Question 43

electrons fill up the lowest energy orbits first, single electrons fill up empty orbitals before pairing up

Answer 43

how to determine which orbitals have electrons in them