Biological Membranes and Cell Division in Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

the common feature found in all cells

Answer 1

the plasma membrane

Question 2

what is the plasma membrane composed of

Answer 2

a phospholipid bilayer

Question 3

is embedded with proteins and is referred to as the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure

Answer 3

phospholipid bilayer

Question 4

the model of the membrane that shows the membrane is composed of proteins

Answer 4

fluid mosaic model

Question 5

the spaces in between the proteins are filled with

Answer 5

phospholipids

Question 6

The phospholipid consists of these and it points toward the outside environment of the cytoplasm

Answer 6

hydrophilic heads

Question 7

repels the water and points in

Answer 7

hydrophobic tails

Question 8

forms a bilayer that acts like a barrier between the cell and its environment

Answer 8

the phospholipids

Question 9

regulates the entry and exit of specific molecules through the cells

Answer 9

the plasma membrane

Question 10

why is the plasma membrane considered to be selectively-permeable

Answer 10

because it allows the passage of some substances but not others

Question 11

what is the cytoplasm of cells made of

Answer 11

75 to 85 % water

Question 12

most substances entering the cells are

Answer 12

dissolved in water

Question 13

What is water considered

Answer 13

the solvent of life

Question 14

solutes are

Answer 14

substances dissolved in water

Question 15

solvents are

Answer 15

a solution consists of solutes dissolved

Question 16

if the solvent is water, then what is the solution referred to as

Answer 16

an aqueous solution

Question 17

the most common method by which solutes enter the cells by is called

Answer 17

diffusion

Question 18

define diffusion

Answer 18

diffusion is the movement of substances from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

Question 19

the movement of substances from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration is known as

Answer 19

diffusion

Question 20

once inside the cell, solutes move by

Answer 20

diffusion through the cytoplasm

Question 21

why doesn’t diffusion require the input of energy

Answer 21

because molecules naturally tend to move in this fashion

Question 22

does not require the input of energy because molecules naturally tend to move in this fashion

Answer 22

diffusion

Question 23

besides diffusion what is another type of movement that occurs across the plasma membrane

Answer 23

osmosis

Question 24

define osmosis

Answer 24

the movement of water across a membrane and it occurs from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration

Question 25

the movement of water across a membrane and it occurs from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration.

Answer 25

osmosis

Question 26

both occur until the cell has reached equilibrium

Answer 26

diffusion and osmosis

Question 27

both occurs until the cell has reached a point at which the substance or water is uniformly distributed throughout the cell

Answer 27

both diffusion and osmosis

Question 28

the point at which the substance or water is uniformly distributed throughout the cell

Answer 28

equilibrium

Question 29

________ is the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration. The rate at which _______ occurs is ___________

Answer 29

Diffusion, diffusion occurs is influenced by many factors such as weight. The larger a molecule the slower the rate of diffusion

Question 30

The movement of water across the plasma membrane is called

Answer 30

osmosis

Question 31

the movement of water from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration

Answer 31

osmosis

Question 32

the universal solvent of life since a good majority of substances dissolve in this solvent

Answer 32

water

Question 33

The substance that can dissolve in water is known as the

Answer 33

solute

Question 34

What can freely move across selectively-permeable membranes but some solutes cannot

Answer 34

water

Question 35

When the concentration of solute is different on both sides of the cell

Answer 35

a concentration gradient is established

Question 36

How is a concentration gradient established

Answer 36

a concentration gradient is established when the concentration of solute is different on both sides of the cell

Question 37

what happens if the solutes cannot enter the cell

Answer 37

water will move across the membrane by osmosis in order to achieve equilibruim

Question 38

name the three terms used to describe two solution that are separated by a selectively-permeable membrane

Answer 38

hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic

Question 39

solution is a solution that contains a lower concentration of solute than that found in a cell or opposing solution.

Answer 39

hypotonic solution

Question 40

a solution that contains a higher concentration of solutes than that found in the cell or opposing solution t

Answer 40

hypertonic

Question 41

a solution with equal concentration of solutes in the solution and cell

Answer 41

isotonic

Question 42

Includes all of the events in the life of an individual cell, from cell division to the period when a cell is not dividing while it carries out it's regular functions

Answer 42

the cell cycle

Question 43

name the cell cycle

Answer 43

Interphase 1. G1 Phase: Cellular organelles begin to duplicate 2. S-Phase: DNA replication (chromosome become doubled). 3. G2 Phase: Cell growth and protein synthesis Mitotic- Phase: Period of Cell Division 1. Mitosis (or NUclear Division): all the copies of chromosomes, this includes Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase 2. Cytokinesis (Cytoplasmic Division) This includes the formation of a cleavage furrow in animal cells and a partition called a cell plate in plant cells during telophase of a cell division which is the splitting of the cytoplasm

Question 44

period of cell cycle when cell is not dividing

Answer 44

interphase

Question 45

cellular organelles begin to duplicate

Answer 45

interphase G1 phase

Question 46

DNA replication

Answer 46

interphase S-phase

Question 47

chromosome become doubled

Answer 47

interphase S-phase DNA replication

Question 48

cell growth and protein synthesis

Answer 48

interphase G2 phase

Question 49

period of cell division

Answer 49

mitotic-phase

Question 50

nuclear division

Answer 50

mitosis

Question 51

includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

Answer 51

mitotic phase/ mitosis

Question 52

package shaped

Answer 52

prophase

Question 53

centromes migrate

Answer 53

prometaphase linke with metaphase

Question 54

cytoplasmic division

Answer 54

cytokinesis

Question 55

includes the formation of a clevage furrow in animal cells and a partition called a cell plate in plant cells during telophase of cell division

Answer 55

cytokinesis

Question 56

splitting of the cytoplasm

Answer 56

cytokinesis

Question 57

a parent or mother cell divides into two identical daughter cells that have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Answer 57

mitosis

Question 58

bonds that hold chromosones are broken

Answer 58

anaphase

Question 59

can last a long time, has a line in the middle w. microtubles each chromocomes are the duplicate

Answer 59

metaphase

Question 60

one dot in the middle

Answer 60

interphase

Question 61

a dot with stringy lines in a circle

Answer 61

prophase

Question 62

looks like spiders being pulled apart

Answer 62

metaphase

Question 63

looks like to spiders bur is actually the seperation of chromosomes

Answer 63

anaphase

Question 64

has a line in the middle of two cells that separate. the line is called the cell plate or cleverage furrows

Answer 64

telophase

Question 65

are the parts of plants where cell division actively oocurs

Answer 65

meristematic regions or meristems

Question 66

tips of young onion roots

Answer 66

Allium

Question 67

cells are not actively dividing

Answer 67

interphase

Question 68

is in the nucleus and is darkly stain

Answer 68

chromatin

Question 69

a term that applies to allof the chromosomes (DNA) collevtively

Answer 69

chromatin

Question 70

At this stage the chromosomes are threadlike and are not visible as distinct bodies

Answer 70

interphase

Question 71

clearly visible inside the nucleus

Answer 71

nucleolus

Question 72

body that is composed of ribosomal RNA

Answer 72

nucleolus

Question 73

prior to cell division, two pairs of protein bodies called _____are present in the cytoplasm at one end of the cell

Answer 73

centrioles (interphase)

Question 74

not typically present in plant cells

Answer 74

centrioles

Question 75

what happens to the DNA by the end of the S phse of interphase

Answer 75

its duplicated

Question 76

the nuclear memebrane and nucleolus begin to disintegrate and the chromatin shortens and thickens so that they are visible as distinct rod-shaped called chromosomes

Answer 76

prophase

Question 77

rod-shaped bodies

Answer 77

chromosomes

Question 78

at this time each chromosome is doubled and consists of two identical sister

Answer 78

prophase, chromatids

Question 79

is essentially composed of a greatly coiled DNA molecule and protein

Answer 79

chromatid

Question 80

the chromosome become arranged in the central region of the cell know as

Answer 80

metaphase, equator

Question 81

what is the formation of the metaphase plate

Answer 81

the chromosome become arranged in the central region of the cell know as equator

Question 82

protein threads are called

Answer 82

spindle fibers

Question 83

protein threads connect the centromere region of each chromosome with the centrioles at the poles of the cells

Answer 83

spindle fiblers

Question 84

What would be the net movement of water, if the cell were placed in a hypotonic solution

Answer 84

water would move in the cell