Unit 1.5 Structure and function of biological macromolecules

Question 1

large molecules, necessary for life, that re built from smaller organic molecules.

Answer 1

biological macromolecules

Question 2

molecules that consist of thousands of atoms and have amass over 100,000 daltons

Answer 2

macromolecules

Question 3

name the four classes of biological macro molecules

Answer 3

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 4

makes up the majority of a cell’s mass

Answer 4

the four macromolecules combined

Question 5

why are biological macromolecules organic

Answer 5

because they contain carbon

Question 6

a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds

Answer 6

a polymer

Question 7

individual subunits or building blocks that combine with each other using covalent bonds to form polymers

Answer 7

a monomer

Question 8

monomers are connected by a reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded to each other through loss of a water molecule

Answer 8

dehydration reaction

Question 9

monomers release water molecules as by products

Answer 9

dehydration reaction

Question 10

means to put together while losing water

Answer 10

dehydration synthesis

Question 11

HO - 1 - 2 - 3 - H HO - — H
short polymer unlinked monomer

removes a water molecule form in a new bond —-H2O

Answer 11

dehydration reaction

Question 12

they hydrogen of one monomer combines with hydroxyl group of another monomer releasing a molecule of water

Answer 12

dehydration synthesis

Question 13

polymers can be assembled into monomer by a reverse of the reaction

Answer 13

hydrolysis

Question 14

because a water is used to bread the bonds the reverse action is called

Answer 14

hydrolysis

Question 15

polymers are broken into monomers in a process known as

Answer 15

hydrolysis

Question 16

during this reaction they polymer is broken into two components; one part gains a hydrogen atom H+ and the other gains a hydroxyl molecule (OH-) from a split water molecule

Answer 16

hydrolysis

Question 17

catalyzed, or sped up by specific enzymes

Answer 17

dehydration and hydrolysis reactions

Question 18

involves the formation of a new bond, requiring energy

Answer 18

dehydration reactions

Question 19

breaks bonds and releases energy

Answer 19

hydrolysis

Question 20

broken down by amylase, sucrase, lactase, or maltase

Answer 20

carbohydrates

Question 21

broken down by enzymes eosin and peptidase, and hydrochloric acid

Answer 21

proteins

Question 22

broken down by lipases

Answer 22

lipids

Question 23

when macromolecules are broken down what is provided

Answer 23

energy for cellular activities

Question 24

provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose

Answer 24

carbohydrates

Question 25

(CH2O)n

Answer 25

carbohydrates stoichiometic formula where n is the number of carbons in the molecule meaning the hydrogen to oxygen