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Biology > Exam 3 Cellular respiration and plant structure and function > Flashcards

Exam 3 Cellular respiration and plant structure and function Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain the flow of energy in biology with regard to cellular respiration and the sun

A

sun is source of nearly all energy used by living organisms

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2
Q

Explain the flow of energy in biology with regard to cellular respiration and photosynthesis

A

captures energy from light used in anabolic reactions to build large/ complex organic molecules

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3
Q

Explain the flow of energy in biology with regard to cellular respiration and catabolism

A

in catabolism cellular respiration /fermentation breaks down large/complex organic molecules to provide energy to the cell

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4
Q

name the types of carbohydrate catabolism

A

cellular respiration and fermentation

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5
Q

cellular respiration in carbohydrate catabolism

A

lots of ATP/glucose broken down

requires glucose and O2

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6
Q

fermentation in carbohydrate catabolism

A

little bit of ATP/ glucose broken down

requires glucose

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7
Q

name the cellular respiration chemical reaction

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——> 6CO2 + 6H2O

+6H2O +6H2O

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8
Q

What involved in the cellular respiration process

A

glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

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9
Q

describe and tell where the items that contribute to cellular respiration

A
  1. glycolysys is described as glucose 6c —–> 2x Pyuvate (3c) and is located in the cytoplasm
  2. citric acid cycle description is 2x pyruvated 3c —> 2x acetyl-CoA —> 6CO2 and is located in the mitochondria matrix
  3. oxidative phophorylation description- electrons carries electrons from glucose and drop off at ox phis-energy used to ATP and is located in the mitochondrial membrane
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10
Q

describe glycolysis energy and investment

A

Energy Glucose (6C)
Investment I 2 ATP —-> 2 ADP + P
————————————————————————————
Payofff /\ 4ADP+P —> 4 ATP
/\ 2 NAD+ + H6 —-> NADH
Pyruvate Pyruvate
(3C) (3C)

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11
Q

describe decarboxylation

A

(Glycolysis) (Glycolysis)
Pyruvate (3C) Pyruvate 2NAD+ + H+–>2NADH

         I                                          I ACETYL-CoA                         ACETYL-CoA
    (2c)                                          (2c)
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12
Q

describe citric acid cycle

A

acetyl-CoA 1 cycle and acetyl-CoA Cycle
6NAD+ H+ —> 6NADH
2FAD +2H+ —>FADH
2ADP+p—> 2ATP

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13
Q

What are the two ways of oxidative phosphorylation use

A

electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

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14
Q

uses the energy from electrons in the form of glucose to make a H+ gradient

A

electron transport chain

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15
Q

consists of proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane

A

electron transport chain

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16
Q

H+ gradient moves back across the membrane

A

chemiosmosis

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17
Q

used by ATP synthase to convert

ADP+ P —>ATP

A

chemiosmosis

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18
Q

32-34 ATP made per glucose

A

chemiosmosis

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19
Q

Name the three phases of Aerobic respiration ATP

A

glycolysis, citric acid, oxidative phosphorylarion

20
Q

how is glycolysis involved in Aerobic respiration ATP

A

involves 2 ATP (4ATP - 2ATP used)

21
Q

how is the citric acid cycle involved in Aerobic respiration ATP

A

involves 2 ATP

22
Q

how is oxidative phosphorylation involved in Aerobic respiration ATP

A

involves 32-.34 ATP and 36-38 ATP per glucose

23
Q

What are the 2 process involved in Fermentation

A

glycolysis and secondary reactions (ethanol/lactic acid fermentation

24
Q

How is glycolysis involved in fermentation

A

the same as glycolysis from cellular respiration

  • the only fermentation that produces ATP
  • 2 net ATP per input glucose -converts 2NAD+ —-> 2 NADH
25
Q

How is secondary fermentation (Ethanol/lactic fermentation) involved in fermentation.

A

it converts NADH back to NAD+ that can be used to do more glycolysis

26
Q

how is other molecules involved in fermentation

A

they enter into those cellular respiration cycles based on their structure and produce different amount of ATP backed on where they enter cellular respiration

27
Q

how can many other cells do fermation

A

through the cytoplasm glycolysis with glucose and pyruvate
from pyruvate with O2 cells in the mitochrdria decarboxlatiom the use the citric cycle and the oxidative phosphorylation, with no O2 cells use the cytoplasm with latic acid and fermentation

28
Q

What is the plant’s general structure

A

body plan, root, shoot

29
Q

what is the function of the root and where is it located

A

the function of the root is to absorb water and mineral and it hold the plant up. It is located under ground

30
Q

what is the function of the shoot and where is it located?

A

the function of the shoot is photosynthesis and reproduction. It is located above ground

31
Q

Name the three parts of the plant tissues

A

dermal, vascular, ground

32
Q

describe the dermal in plant tissues

A

it is outside of the cells

33
Q

describe the vascular in plant tissues

A

transports fluids and organic molecules

34
Q

describe the ground in plant tissues

A

has everything else

35
Q

name the parts of the leaf dermal tissue

A

the cuticle, epidermis, stoma (pl. stomata), guards

36
Q

the cuticle

A

has a wavy coat, protective, prevents, dehydration

37
Q

the epidermis

A

the outside layer of cell and is protective

38
Q

the stoma

A

holes that allow gas exchange

39
Q

guard cells

A

open and close the stomata

40
Q

name the parts of the leaf ground tissue

A

palisade mesophyll, spongey mesophyll, bundle-sheath cell

41
Q

the palisade mesophyll

A

are packed closely together

primarily the site of photosynthesis

42
Q

the spongey mesophyll

A

is loosely packed

allows gas exchange between the palisade mesophyll and the stomata

43
Q

the bundle-sheath cells

A

surround vascular tissues

44
Q

name the parts of the leaf vascular tissue

A

xyelm and phloem

45
Q

the xylem

A

transport water from the roots

46
Q

the phloem

A

transport sugar from leaves

Biology (21 decks)

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