Important to remember for test Flashcards
strong bonds between 2 atoms that share a pair of valence electrons
covalent bonds
strong attractions between ions (+ and - charged atoms)
ionic bonds
weak attractions between the partial charges of molecules with polar covalents
hydrogen bonds
is when the electrons are unequally shared by the atoms and are attracted more to one nucleus than the other
polar covalent bonds
because of the unequal distribution of electrons between atoms of different elements a slightly positive and a slightly negative charge develops
polar covalent bonds
an example of a polar covalent bond
water
combined with 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom
water H2O
the number of covalent bonds an atom can form
valence shell
usually equal to the number of electrons required to complete the outer most electron shell
valence shell
for this reason, the outermost electron shell of an atom is referred to as the valence shell
why the valence shell is important in forming covalent bonds
a difference in electronegatively between the two atoms that are covalently bound causes the bond to be more polar The atom that is more electronegative has the elections a larger amount of the time than the atom that is less electronegative
why is polar
the atom that has the electrons the majority of the time is partially negative charged, while the atom that has the electrons a smaller amount of the time is positively charged
a polar covalent bond
Adding up the # of protons and neutrons
how do you figure out the mass of an atom
atoms of the same element that have different number os neutrons
isotopes
positive ions that are formed by losing an electron
cations
negative ions that are formed by gaining an electron
anions
are designated by their element name being altered to end in “ide”
anions
movement of electrons from one element to another is referred to as
electron transfer
the lowest energy state
ground state
when the number of electrons is no longer equal to the number of protons each is now an
ion
formed between ions with opposite charges
ionic bonds
the attraction between cations and anions is called
ionic bonds
+ charged Na ions and - charged Cl ions bond together to make crystals of NaCl or table salt creating a crystalline with 0 net charge
an example of an ionic bond bond forming an ionic compound
