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Biology > Unit 1.4 Introduction to organic chemistry > Flashcards

Unit 1.4 Introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

any carbon-containing liquid, solid or gas especially important for life

A

organic molecules

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2
Q

a molecule that’s built around a carbon backbone

A

organic molecule

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3
Q

any molecule containing carbon except for carbon dioxide

A

organic molecule

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4
Q

study of carbon compounds

A

organic chemistry

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5
Q

has unique properties that allow it to form covalent bonds to as many as four different atoms

A

carbon

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6
Q

has six electrons, with 2 pairs in the first shell and 4 in the outer shell

A

carbon

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7
Q

in order to fill its valence shell, it needs to share four extra electrons

A

carbon

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8
Q

serves as the basic structural component or backbone of a macromolecule

A

carbon

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9
Q

individual _______ atoms have an incomplete outermost election shell

A

carbon

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10
Q

can form up to 4 covalent bonds with other atoms to satisfy the octet rule

A

carbon atoms

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11
Q

rule that aims are most stable when they hold 8 electrons in their outmost shell

A

octet rule

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12
Q

singly-bondedit is tetrahedral

A

carbon

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13
Q

angles between each bond are roughly 109.5 degrees

A

carbon

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14
Q

single bonds can generally rotate freely

A

carbon

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15
Q

what are carbon molecules linked by

A

a double bond

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16
Q

carbon molecules are flat true or false

A

true

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17
Q

Carbon atoms involved in what type of bond are able to rotate

A

Single bond

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18
Q

atoms that are commonly found in organic molecules are

A

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon

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19
Q

the outermost shell of the atom

A

valance shell

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20
Q

how many electron in the valence shell of hydrogen

A

valence = 1

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21
Q

how many electrons in the valence shell of oxygen

A

valence = 2

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22
Q

how many electrons in the valence shell of nitrogen

A

valence = 3

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23
Q

how many electron in the valence shell of carbon

A

valence = 4

24
Q

H

A

hydrogen

25
Q

O

A

oxygen

26
Q

N

A

nitrogen

27
Q

C

A

carbon

28
Q

CH4

A

methane

29
Q

organic molecules consisting entirely of carbon and hydrogen

A

hydrocarbons

30
Q

methane and propane are examples of

A

hydrocarbons

31
Q

the chemical formula CH4 has 4 hydrogen atoms and forms a single covalent bond with carbon atom by sharing a pair of electrons, which results in a filled outermost shell is an example of

A

carbon atoms forming up to four covalent bonds with other atoms to satisfy the octet rule

32
Q

we often use these in our daily lives for fuels

A

hydrocarbons

33
Q

although most biological molecules contain atoms besides carbon and hydrogen, many of them have regions that resemble

A

hydrocarbons

34
Q

name the variations in carbon skeletons

A

length, branching, double bonds, and rings

35
Q

the many covalent bonds between the atoms in ________ store a great amount of energy, which is released when theses molecules are______

A

hydrocarbons, burned (oxidized)

36
Q

the simplest hydrocarbon molecule, with a central carbon atom bonded to four different hydrogen atoms

A

Methane an excellent fuel

37
Q

the backbone of the large molecules of living things and may exist in a linear carbon chains, carbon rings, or combination of them both

A

hydrocarbons

38
Q 
H   H
          I     I
H---- C----C----H
         I       I
        H     H
A

Example of a hydrocarbon length and ethane’s structural formula

39
Q

C2H6

A

ethane molecular formula

40
Q 
H  H  H
      I    I    I
H--C--C--C--H
      I    I    I
     H  H  H
A

Example of a hydrocarbon length and the structural formula for propane

41
Q 
H                   H
    \                 /
      C======C
     /                \
 H                    H
A

Example of an hydrocarbon length and the structural formula for ethene (ethylene)

42
Q

C2H4

A

Molecular formula for ethene (ethylene)

43
Q 
H  H  H  H
      I    I    I    I
H--C--C--C--C--H
      I    I    I    I
     H  H  H  H
A

Example of hydrocarbons branching and the structural formula for Butane

44
Q 
H
                 I
        H----C----H
                I
                I
        H     I      H
         I      I       I
H-----C---C-----C----H
         I      I       I
        H     H     H
A

Example of hydrocarbon branching and the structural formula for 2-methylpropane commonly called isobutane

45
Q 
H   H   H   H
        I     I     I    I
H==C---C---C---C---H
                    I     I
                   H   H
A

Example of hydrocarbons double bonds and the structural formula for 1-Butene

46
Q 
H  H    H  H
      I   I      I    I
H--C--C==C--C--H
      I                I
     H              H
A

Example of hydrocarbons double bonds and the structural formula for 2-BUTENE

47
Q

Are formed by successive bonds between carbon atoms and may be branched or unbranched

A

hydrocarbon chains

48
Q

when a carbon forms single bonds with other atoms, the shape is

A

tetrahedral

49
Q

when 2 carbon atoms for a double bond the shape is

A

planar or flat

50
Q

do single bonds rotate

A

yes

51
Q

do double bonds rotate

A

no the atoms are locked in place

52
Q

consist of linear chains of carbon atoms

A

aliphatic hydrocarbons

53
Q

consists of closed rings carbon atoms

A

aromatic hydrocarbons

54
Q

these structures are found in carbon double bonds, examples are benzene to include some amino acids and cholesterol and it derivative, hormones includes estrogen and testosterone

A

rings

55
Q

beta-carotene is an example of an

A

hydrocarbon

56
Q

cyclopentane, cyclohexane, benzeene, and pyridine ware examples of

A

carbon forming five and six membered rings

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