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Biology > Chapter 1 Introduction: Themes In The Study Of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Introduction: Themes In The Study Of Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

The scientific study of life

A

Biology

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1
Q

The process of change that has transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity of organisms living today.

A

Evolution

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2
Q

list the characteristics of life

A
  • order
  • energy processing
  • growth and development
  • response to the environment
  • regulation
  • reproduction
  • evolutionary adaptation
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3
Q

The highly ______ structure that characterizes life. What every living thing must have.

A

order

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4
Q

use of chemical energy

A

energy processing

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5
Q

inherited information carried by genes controls the pattern of

A

growth and development

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6
Q

response to the__________stimulus of

A

response to the environment

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7
Q

adaptations that evolve over generations or changes over generations

A

evolutionary adaptations

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8
Q

response to changes and maintains a constant

A

regulation

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9
Q

organism reproduce their own kind

A

reproduction

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10
Q

definition of life

A

we recognize life by what living things do

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11
Q

Name the levels of Biological Organization

A
  1. The Biosphere
  2. Ecosystems
  3. communities
  4. populations
  5. organisms
  6. organs and organ systems
  7. tissues
  8. cells
  9. organelles
  10. molecules
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12
Q

consist of all life on Earth and all the places where life exists; Most regions of land, most bodies of water, the atmosphere to an altitude of several kilometers and even sediments far below the ocean floor

A

Biosphere

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13
Q

all living things in a particular area such as deciduous forest, grasslands, deserts, and coral reefs

A

ecosystem

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14
Q

The array of organisms inhabiting a particular place or a biological community is called

A

communities

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15
Q

consist of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area, ex a community

A

populations

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16
Q

what living things are called

A

organisms

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17
Q

a body part that carries out a particular function in the body and is composed of organs

A

organ system

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18
Q

consist of multiple tissues

A

organ

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19
Q

a group of cells together, performing a specific function

A

tissues

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20
Q

life’s fundamental unit of structure and function

A

the cell

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21
Q

functional components that present in cells an ex, is chloroplasts are examples

A

organelles

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22
Q

a chemical structure consisting of of two or more units called atoms an example is Chlorophyll

A

molecules

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23
Q

A powerful strategy in biology, which reduces complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study. Provides a necessarily incomplete view of life on Earth. An example is Zooming in at ever-finer resolutions

A

reductionism

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24
Q

allows us to see emergent properties at each level that are absent from the proceeding level

A

reductionism

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25
Q

the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases, not unique to life, especially challenging to study

A

emergent properties

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26
Q

the exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions among its parts

A

exploring emergent properties more fully, complementing reductionism with systems biology

27
Q

can be used to study life at all levels

A

system biology

28
Q

provides insight into its structure and organization

A

function

29
Q

gives us clues about what is does and how it works

A

analyzing biological structure

30
Q

In life’s structural hierarchy, it is the smallest unit of organization that can perform all activities required for life

A

the cell

31
Q

actions of organisms are based on the functioning of

A

cells

32
Q

is enclosed in a membrane that regulates the passage of materials between it and its surroundings

A

cells

33
Q

Name the two main forms of cells

A

prokaryotic and eukaryotic

34
Q

cells of two groups of single-celled microorganisms bacteria and archaea

A

prokaryotic

35
Q

all other forms of life including plants and animals, are compose of

A

eukaryotic cell

36
Q

contains a membrane-enclosed organelles

A

eukaryotic cell

37
Q

organelles, such as DNA-containing nucleus , are found in the cells of all

A

eukaryotes

38
Q

an organelle found only in eukaryotic cells that carry out photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

39
Q

lacks a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles

A

prokaryotic

40
Q

structures called chromosomes contain genetic material in the form of

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

41
Q

each time a cell divides the _____ is the first _____ or _____ and each of the two cellular offspring inherits a complete set of _________ identical to the parent cell

A

DNA, replicated or copied, chromosomes

42
Q

the units of inheritance

A

genes

43
Q

encodes the information necessary to build all of the molecules synthesized within a cell, which in turn establish that cell;s identity and function

A

genes

44
Q

insulin causes excess glucose to be stored in the form of a very large carbohydrate called, reducing blood glucose level to a range that is optimal for bodily functioning.

A

glycogen

45
Q

What is science?

A

the way of knowing about the world

46
Q

Describe two types of science

A
  1. descriptive science also know as discovery based science…this describes the natural world
  2. Hypothesis-based science is doing the test to know about the natural world
47
Q

What is the process of science?

A

The process of science involves 1. observation - observing something in the natural world 2. hypothesis - possible explanation for the observation 3. experiment -testing the hypothesis.

48
Q

Name the parts of an experiment

A

independent variable, dependent variable, control and confounding variable

49
Q

change in an experiment

A

independent variable

50
Q

the thing you look at, at the end of an experiment

A

dependent variable

51
Q

treatment (additional treatment) to make sure that only the independent variable is affecting the dependent variable

A

control

52
Q

appear to affect the experiment but don’t

A

confounding variable

53
Q

Name ways to communicate the result

A

primary literature versus secondary literature and peer review

54
Q

people who did the experiment and write about their results in scientific journals

A

primary literature

55
Q

newspaper, magazine, reviews, and everything else

A

secondary literature

56
Q

experts review’s article before publication

A

peer review

57
Q

name the parts of primary

A
  1. abstract 2. introduction 3. materials and methods 4. results 5. discussion
58
Q

short summary of the paper

A

abstract

59
Q

what is know before and justification for the work in the paper

A

introduction

60
Q

enough detail to replicate experiments

A

materials and methods

61
Q

describe actual results of experiments

A

results

62
Q

broader implications, problems with results areas of further research.

A

discussion

63
Q

what is biology

A

the scientific study of life

64
Q

what is life

A

we know what life is by recognizing what living things do

Biology (21 decks)

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