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BRS Y1 > Week 8- ECGs > Flashcards

Week 8- ECGs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 letters used to represent the different sections during one heartbeat on an ECG?

A

P, Q, R, S, T

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2
Q

What does the P wave respresent?

A

Atrial depolarisation

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3
Q

What does the QRS complex represent?

A

Ventricular depolarisation

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4
Q

What does the T wave represent?

A

Ventricular repolarisation

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5
Q

During what stage of the ECG does atrial repolarisation occur? Does it show up?

A

During the QRS complex, it doesnt show up as its to small and overpowered by ventricular depolarisation

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6
Q

Which way does a normal P wave lie?

A

Upwards

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7
Q

Which way does a normal Q wave lie?

A

Downwards

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8
Q

Which way does a normal R wave lie?

A

Upwards

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9
Q

Which way does a normal S wave lie?

A

Downwards

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10
Q

Which way does a normal T wave lie?

A

Upwards

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11
Q

How long does a normal P wave last?

A

0.1 secs

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12
Q

How long does a normal PR interval last?

A

0.2 secs

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13
Q

How long does a normal QRS complex last?

A

0.08 secs

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14
Q

How long does a normal T wave last?

A

0.16 secs

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15
Q

How long does a normal QT interval last?

A

0.4 secs

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16
Q

What is a PR interval?

A

From the start of the P wave to before the start of the QRS complex

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17
Q

What is a PR segment?

A

From the end of the P wave to before the start of the QRS complex

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18
Q

What is a QT interval?

A

From the start of the Q wave to before the start of the T wave

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19
Q

What is a ST interval?

A

From the start of the S wave to before the start of the T wave

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20
Q

What is a ST segment?

A

From the end of an S wave to before the start of a T wave

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21
Q

What is visible on an ECG when heart rate increases?

A

Shorter distance between 2 adjacent R waves mainly due to the TP interval shortening

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22
Q

How are ECG signals measured?

A

Via pairs of electrodes, each pair is known as a lead

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23
Q

How many leads can be measured in and ECG?

A

12

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24
Q

How many electrodes are used during an ECG? Where are they found?

A

10- 6 on the chest and 4 on each limb (ankles and wrists)

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25
Q

If a wave of depolarisation travels towards a positive electrode, what will show up on an ECG trace?

A

A positive wave

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26
Q

If a wave of repolarisation travels towards a positive electrode, what will show up on an ECG trace?

A

A negative wave

27
Q

What does lead I connect?

A

Right arm (negative) to left arm (positive)

28
Q

What does lead II connect?

A

Right arm (negative) to left foot (positive)

29
Q

What does lead III connect

A

Left arm (negative) to left foot (positive)

30
Q

Which lead has the largest R wave and why?

A

Lead II as its most similar to the direction of ventricular depolarisation

31
Q

What is a standard limb lead?

A

A bipolar lead formed by connecting the electrocardiograph between 2 corners of the triangle (left arm, right arm and left leg)

32
Q

What are the 3 augmented limb leads?

A

aVf, aVr and aVl

33
Q

Which direction does aVr flow?

A

Bottom left of torso (negative) to right of torso (positive)

34
Q

Which direction does aVf flow?

A

From top middle of torso (negative) to left foot (positive)

35
Q

Which direction does aVl flow?

A

From bottom right of torso (negative) to left arm (positive)

36
Q

What is an augmented limb lead?

A

A composite lead formed by comparing a single positive electrode with a combination of the 2 other electrodes

37
Q

How is aVr calculated?

A

RA-(LA+LF)

38
Q

How is aVf calculated?

A

LF-(RA+LA)

39
Q

How is aVl calculated?

A

LA-(RA+LF)

40
Q

Are augmented limb leads bi or unipolar?

A

Unipolar

41
Q

What does ‘augmented’ in augmented limb lead represent?

A

ECG is greater in magnitude

42
Q

Which leads have a prominent R wave and a positive P and T wave?

A

I, III, aVf

43
Q

Which lead has a negative QRS complex, P and T wave and why?

A

aVr as all electrical activity flows away from the lead

44
Q

Where is V1 placed?

A

4th intercostal space, right side of the sternum

45
Q

Where is V2 placed?

A

4th intercostal space, left side of sternum

46
Q

Where is V3 placed?

A

5th rib, slightly lower than V2

47
Q

Where is V4 placed?

A

5th intercostal space mid clavicular line

48
Q

Where is V5 placed?

A

6th intercostal space anterior axillary line

49
Q

Where is V6 placed?

A

7th rib, anterior axillary line

50
Q

What part of the heart do leads V1 and V2 face?

A

Wall of the right ventricle

51
Q

What part of the heart do leads V3 and V4 face?

A

Intraventricular septum

52
Q

What part of the heart do leads V5 and V6 face?

A

The left ventricle ( at a distance)

53
Q

Why do leads viewing the heart from the right side have large negative S waves?

A

Left ventricular muscle mass of the heart is a lot higher than the right ventricular muscle mass

54
Q

Why may leads V3 and V4 have more prominent R and S waves?

A

They are close to the intraventricular septum

55
Q

What direction are P waves in leads V1 and V2?

A

Positive or bisphasic

56
Q

What direction are P waves in leads V4 and V6?

A

Always positive

57
Q

What direction are T waves in leads V1 and V2?

A

May be inverted

58
Q

What direction are T waves in leads V3 and V6?

A

Always positive

59
Q

In what plane do the limb lead view the heart?

A

Coronal

60
Q

In what plane do chest leads view the heart?

A

Transverse

61
Q

Are chest leads uni or bi polar?

A

Unipolar- they are single positive recording electrodes

62
Q

On a 12 lead ECG recording, what leads appear on the first row (go from left to right)?

A

aVR, V1 then V4

63
Q

On a 12 lead ECG recording, what leads appear on the second row (go from left to right)?

A

aVL, V2 then V5

64
Q

On a 12 lead ECG recording, what leads appear on the third row (go from left to right)?

A

aVF, V3 then V6

BRS Y1 (52 decks)

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