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BRS Y1 > Week 7- Microcirculation > Flashcards

Week 7- Microcirculation Flashcards

1
Q

How does blood enter tissues?

A

Through arterioles

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2
Q

How is blood drained from capillaries to veins?

A

Via venules

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3
Q

What is the keyrole of the cardiovascular system?

A

Ensuring adequate blood flow through the capillaries

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4
Q

What is the equation for flow rate?

A

Pressure gradient / resistance

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5
Q

Define blood flow rate

A

Volume of blood passing through a vessel per unit time

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6
Q

What does increasing pressure gradient do to flow rate?

A

Increase it

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7
Q

What is resistance in terms of blood flow?

A

Hindrance to blood flow due to friction between moving fluid and stationary vessel walls

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8
Q

What is the main factor that affects resistance and actually changes?

A

Vessel radius

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9
Q

What is the major determinant to resistance?

A

Arterioles

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10
Q

Why is blood flow to different tissues different if the pressure difference is the same?

A

Due to differing resistance

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11
Q

What is vascular tone?

A

Arteriolar smooth muscle displaying a state of partial restriction

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12
Q

What is the point of vascular tone?

A

To allow arteries to either contract more or dilate so adjustments both ways are possible

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13
Q

Why are radii of arterioles adjusted?

A
  1. Match blood flow to metabolic needs of specific tissues

2. Help regulate systemic arterial blood pessure

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14
Q

What is active hyperaemia?

A

When chemicals act on chemoreceptors on arterioles to increase vasodilation to allow higher blood flow to the area (driven by increased metabolites and increased oxygen usage)

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15
Q

What is myogenic autorégulation?

A

When chemicals act on chemoreceptors on arterioles to cause vasoconstriction, may be physically driven via a drop in blood temperature and increased stretch due to increased BP

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16
Q

How does blood flow increase only to tissues that need extra blood?

A

At tissues that dont need extra blood, they respond to extra stretch and constrict to stop reception of extra blood

17
Q

What arteriolar response will be seen in skeletal muscle arterioles in response to exercise?

A

Active hyperaemia

18
Q

What arteriolar response will be seen in small intestine arterioles in response to exercise?

A

Myogenic vasoconstriction

19
Q

What is the equation for cardiac output?

A

Blood pressure/ total peripheral resistance

20
Q

What is the equation for blood pressure?

A

Cardiac output x total peripheral résistance

21
Q

Where is the cardiovascular control center?

A

In the medulla

22
Q

What hormones cause vasoconstriction?

A

Vasopressin/ADH
Angiotensin II
Adrenaline/noradrenaline

23
Q

What is the purpose of capillary exchange?

A

The delivery of metabolic substrates to the cells of the organism

24
Q

What is a typical capillary lumen diameter?

A

7 micrometers

25
Q

What is a typical capillary cell width?

A

1 micrometer

26
Q

Why is capillary density important?

A

It depends on how metabolically active the tissue is, more activity requires a higher density

27
Q

What tissue has the highest capillary density and what is it?

A

Lungs- 3500cm^2/g

28
Q

Describe the structure of capillary

A

Single line of endothelial cells with small water filled gap junctions in between cells

29
Q

What is the size of acapillary fenestration?

A

80 nM

30
Q

What tissues may have a discontinuous capillary wall structure?

A

Bone marrow (to allow white cells to move into blood)

Liver (to allow large compounds to get into the liver)

31
Q

What are the 3 type of capillary wall structures?

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Discontinuous

32
Q

What capillary wall structure is found at the blood brain barrier? Describe it

A

Continuous- there are no gap junctions so only lipid soluble substances can get through freely, otherwise the brain controls what comes in

33
Q

What is bulk flow?

A

A volume of protein free plasma that filters out of the capillary and mixes with surrounding interstitial fluid and is reabsorbed

34
Q

What does oncotic mean?

A

To do with proteins

35
Q

What is oncotic force?

A

Conc of proteins in vessels reduces water potential pulling water into the vessels

36
Q

What is the opposing pressure to oncotic pressure?

A

Hydrostatic pressure

37
Q

How do arterioles match blood flow to the metabolic needs of specific tissues?

A

Regulation via intrinsic controls (independant of nervous or endocrine stimulation)

38
Q

How do arterioles help regulate systemic arterial blood pressure?

A

Regulation via extrinsic controls (travel via nerves or blood)

39
Q

Which is more effective out of ultrafiltration and reabsorption?

A

Ultrafiltration

BRS Y1 (52 decks)

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