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BRS Y1 > Week 6- Intro to Rheumatology > Flashcards

Week 6- Intro to Rheumatology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cells do connective tissue come from?

A

Mesenchyme

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2
Q

What does the ECM of connective tissue comprise of?

A 
Ground substance (macromolecules and multi adhesive glycoproteins)
Fibres (reticular, elastic, collagen)
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3
Q

What are the 3 components of connective tissue?

A

Cells
Fibres
Ground substance

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4
Q

What are some characteristics of connective tissue?

A 
Doesnt occur on free surfaces
Has a nerve supply (except cartilage)
Highly vascular (except cartilage and tendons)
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5
Q

What is the ground substance in connective tissue?

A

Between cells and fibers, supports cells, binds them together

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of fibers in connective tissue and their characteristics

A

Collagen- strong, resistant, made of collagen
Elastic fibers- smaller in diameter, made of elastin
Reticular fibers- made of collagen and have a glycoprotein coating, support blood vessel walls

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7
Q

What are fibroblasts?

A

Large flat cells, migrate through tissue secreting the fibers and ground substance

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8
Q

What are macrophages?

A

Perform phagocytosis, develop from WBCs

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9
Q

What are mast cells?

A

Found alongside blood vessels that supply connective tissue and produce histamine which dilates blood vessels

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10
Q

Whats the main function of fibers in connective tissue?

A

Provide strength and support to connective tissue

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11
Q

What are the 4 main types of connective tissue?

A

Proper (loose and dense, w dense having more collagen)
Cartilage (hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage)
Bone tissue (spongy and compact)
Blood (complex)

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline, fribrocartilage, elastic

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13
Q

What are the 2 types of proper connective tissue?

A

Loose

Dense

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14
Q

What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue proper?

A

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

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15
Q

What are the 3 types of dense connective tissue proper?

A

Regular, irregular and elastic

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16
Q

What is the function of connective tissue proper?

A

Binding tissue, resists mechanical stress

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17
Q

What is special about cartilage?

A

It is avascular and has no nerve supply

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18
Q

What are the 2 cell types in cartilage and when are they present?

A

Chondroblasts (when cartilage is growing)

Chondrocytes

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19
Q

What is the function of cartilage?

A

Strengthen and support connective tissue, resist compression and cushion/support body structures

20
Q

What is the most common type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline

21
Q

Describe hyaline cartilage

A

Weakest of the 3 types, found at end of long bones to cushion joint and at epiphyseal plates

22
Q

Describe fibrocartilage

A

Strongest of the 3 types, found in intervertebral discs, chondrocytes scattered among visible bundles of collagen fibers

23
Q

Describe elastic cartilage

A

Chondrocytes located in a threadlike network of elastic fibers, provides strength, elasticity and maintains shapes of structures eg ear

24
Q

What are the 2 types of bone tissue

A

Compact

Spongy

25
Q

What does spongy bone tissue have that compact bone tissue doesnt have?

A

Trabeculae- columns of bone with spaces filled with red bone marrow

26
Q

What is special about the matrix of blood?

A

It is liquid (plasma)

27
Q

What is special about blood compared to other types of connective tissue?

A

It has no fibers

28
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Autoimmune disorder affecting joints where they are warm, swollen and painful, w symptoms being worse after rest, 3 things to remember:

Affects small joints
Affects multiple joints
Is symmetrical

29
Q

What is systemic lupus erythematosus?

A

Autoimmune disorder affecting multiple organ systems and joints

30
Q

What is vasculitis?

A

A group of disorders that destroy blood vessels via inflammation

31
Q

What are the 2 types of arthritis?

A

Rheumatoid and osteo

32
Q

What happens to joints in rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Synovial membrane becomes swollen and inflamed
Bone is eroded
Cartilage wears away

33
Q

What factor causes changes in cells in rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Interleukin 17

34
Q

What are some differences between rheumatoid and osteoarthritis?

A

Rheumatoid: inflammatory, autoantibodies, small joints affected
Osteoarthritis: degenerative, no antibodies, affects large weight bearing joints

35
Q

What joints in the finger are affected in RA?

A

PIP joints

36
Q

What changes are seen in the hands in RA?

A

Ulnar deviation

Swan necking

37
Q

What are some extraarticular (not to do w joints) manifestions of RA?

A

Nodules at the elbows/hands

Fibrosis of the lungs

38
Q

What changes are seen on x rays in RA?

A

Swelling of soft tissue
Loss of joint space
Erosions
Subluxation (deformity/dislocation of joints)

39
Q

What exercise is recommended for patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

A

ROM, conditioning and strengthening

40
Q

What medicines are prescribed for RA?

A

Analgesics
Anti inflammatorys
Immunosupressive
Cytotoxic

41
Q

What are DMARs? Give examples of the main ones

A

Disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs (leflunomide, methotrexane, hydroxycholoroquine, sulfasanaside)

They are immunosupressants

42
Q

How do biological therapies work?

A

By working on specific biological targets

43
Q

Give an example of a biological therapy for RA

A

Etanercept

44
Q

What are some symptoms of SLE?

A 
Alopecia
Arthralgia
Oral ulcers
Photosensitivity
Malar rash
45
Q

What are symptoms of scleroderma?

A

Reflux

Raynaud’s digital ulcerations

BRS Y1 (52 decks)

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