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BRS Y1 > Week 2- Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Week 2- Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the CNS composed of?

A

The brain and spinal chord

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2
Q

What is the PNS composed of?

A

The nerves (cranial and spinal) and ganglia

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3
Q

What are the different parts of the brain and what do they comprise of?

A

Forebrain: Cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon
Midbrain
Hindbrain: Pons, medulla and cerebellum

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4
Q

What does the frontal lobe do?

A

Motor function, language, cognitive skills

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5
Q

What does the parietal lobe do?

A

Sensation, spatial orientation, self perception

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6
Q

What does the temporal lobe do?

A

Processing auditory information

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7
Q

What does the occipital lobe do?

A

Processing visual information

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8
Q

What does the limbic lobe contain?

A

Amygdala, hippocampus, mammillary body and cingulate gurus

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9
Q

What does the Limbic lobe do?

A

Learning, memory, emotion, motivation, reward

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10
Q

Where is the insular cortex?

A

Deep in the lateral fissure

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11
Q

What does the insular cortex do?

A

Visceral sensation, autonomic control, interception, auditory processing

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12
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges?

A

Dura, arachnoid and pia mater

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13
Q

Describe the dura mater

A

2 layers, periosteal, and meningeal

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14
Q

Describe the arachnoid mater

A

Thin, transparent, fibrous membrane

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15
Q

Describe the pia mater

A

Thin, translucent and mesh like

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16
Q

Where is the CSF produced?

A

The choroid plexus of lateral, 3rd and 4th ventricles

17
Q

Where can CSF be found?

A

The ventricular system and sub arachnoid space

18
Q

What reabsorbs the CSF?

A

Arachnoid villi (granulations) into superior sagittal sinus

19
Q

What are the characteristics of CSF

A

Lower pH, less glucose, protein and potassium than plasma

20
Q

What are the different types of nerves in the spinal chord?

A

Cervical (8 pairs), thoracic (12 pairs), lumbar nerves (5 pairs), sacral nerves ( 5 pairs), coccygeal nerve

21
Q

How do the nerves emerge?

A

Through intervertebral foramina

22
Q

Which nerves emerge above the vertebrae?

A

C1- C7

Eg C3 comes out between C2 and C3

23
Q

Which nerves emerge below the vertebrae?

A

C8- Co1

24
Q

What is cervical enlargement?

A

Large at C5 due to larger amount of info going out to upper limbs than coming in from upper limbs

25
Q

What is lumbar enlargement

A

For innervation of lower limbs

26
Q

What is the major pathway for voluntary movement?

A

The corticospinal tract, composed of upper motor neuron in primary motor cortex and lower motor neurons in brainstem and spinal chord

27
Q

What are the pathways for sensation?

A

Dorsal column pathway and spinothalamic tract

28
Q

What is the dorsal column pathway for?

A

Fine touch, vibration and proprioception from the skin and joints

29
Q

What is the spinothalamic pathway for?

A

Pain, temperature from skin

30
Q

How many descending tracts are there?

A

2, motor and sensory

31
Q

What is decussation?

A

The crossing of fibres from one hemisphere to the other side of the body (85% of corticospinal tract)

32
Q

What is the corticobulbar tract

A

A group of cranial nerves

33
Q

What is somatotopy?

A

When a region of the body is represented by an area of the brain, occurs as fibres descend

34
Q

Describe the dorsal column pathway (ascending)

A
  1. Fibres enter via the dorsal horn and enter ascending column pathways
  2. Info from lower limbs- travel ipsilaterally along gracile tract

Info from upper limbs- travel ipsilaterally along cuneate tract

  1. First synapse is the gracile nucleus or cuneate nucleus
  2. 2nd order axons decussate in the caudal medulla
  3. They form the contralateral medial lemniscus tract
  4. Synapse again in thalamus
  5. 3rd order neurons project to somatosensory cortex
35
Q

Describe the spinothalamic (anterolateral) pathway [ascending]

A

Pain and temperature ascend along LATERAL spinothalamic tract, crude touch ascends within the ANTERIOR spinothalamic tract

Primary afferent axons terminate upon entering the pathway in dorsal horn

Secondary decussate immediately, forming the spinothalamic tract and terminate in the thalamus

Tertiary project from the thalamus to the somatosensory cortex

BRS Y1 (52 decks)

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