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BRS Y1 > Week 7- Structure and Function of the Airways > Flashcards

Week 7- Structure and Function of the Airways Flashcards

1
Q

What type of branching is found in the airways?

A

Dichotomus

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2
Q

What gives airways mechanical stability?

A

Cartilage

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3
Q

What do type I alveolar cells do?

A

Vey thin, they facilitate gas exchange

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4
Q

What do type II alveolar cells do?

A

Replicate to replace type I cells
Secrete surfactant to reduce surface tension
Xenobiotic metabolism

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5
Q

What are the main functions of the respiratory airways?

A

Get air efficiently to gas exchange region and keep the pipeway clear

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6
Q

What are the 2 nasal passages?

A

Pharynx and conchae

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7
Q

What is the role of the pharynx?

A

Passage for food, liquid and air

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8
Q

What is the role of the conchae?

A

Contribute to warming and humidification of intra nasally inhaled hair

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9
Q

In which nasal passageway are nose hairs found?

A

Conchae

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10
Q

What are the 3 regions of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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11
Q

What are the 3 main layers in the airway wall?

A

Mucus layer (topmost)
Cilia
Epithelial cells

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12
Q

What cells are more prominent out of ciliated cells and goblet cells?

A

Ciliated cells

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13
Q

What do serous cells secrete?

A

Anti bacterial enzymes

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14
Q

Approx how many cilia are found on a ciliated cell?

A

200

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15
Q

How do airway smooth muscle cells caliber the airway?

A

Via contraction or relaxation

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16
Q

What do airway smooth muscle cells secrete?

A

Mediators
Cytokines
Chemokines

17
Q

When there is inflammation what do airway smooth muscle cells?

A 
NO
Prostaglandins
Cytokines
Chemokines
Adhesion molecules
18
Q

What arteries supply the airways.

A

Bronchial

19
Q

How does blood return from tracheal circulation?

A

Via systemic veins

20
Q

How does blood return from bronchial circulation?

A

Via bronchial and pulmonary veins

21
Q

What nerves control airway function?

A

Parasympathetic (cholinergenic)

Sensory

22
Q

What regulatory and inflammatory mediators are involved in control of airway function?

A

Histamine
Arachidonic acid metabolites
Cytokines
Chemokines

23
Q

What do human airways lack that other animals have?

A

A sympathetic system to relax the airways

24
Q

What effect does acetylcholine have on the human airway?

A

Causes contraction of cells

25
Q

What are the main components of mucus?

A

Mucins, water, electrolytes

26
Q

What are some regulatory and inflammatory mediators that epithelium cells produce?

A 
Nitric oxide
Carbon monoxide
Arachidonic acid metabolites
Chemokines
Cytokines
27
Q

How is nitric oxide produced by airway smooth muscle cells

A

Via NOS

28
Q

How are prostaglandins produced by airway smooth muscle cells?

A

Via COX

29
Q

What are some functions of the tracheo-bronchial circulation?

A 
Good gas exchange
Warming of air
Humidification of air
Clears inflammatory mediators
Clears inhaled drugs
30
Q

What molecules relax the airway?

A

Nitric oxide (from NOS containing nerves)
Adrenaline (from the adrenal gland)
Sympathetic stimulation

31
Q

Define asthma

A

A clinical syndrome characterised by increased airway responsiveness to stimuli which leads to airway obstruction

32
Q

In asthma, what does airway inflammation lead to?

A

Re modelling

33
Q

In asthmatics what changes can be seen in the airway?

A

Thickening of the basement membrane

Fragility of epithelial cells

Mucus plug in the lumen (due to over activation of submucosal glands)

34
Q

What do respiratory disease like asthma, COPD and CF have in common?

A

All involve chronic inflammation that leads to airway remodelling

35
Q

What is the role of cilia?

A

To beat and allow mucociliary clearance

BRS Y1 (52 decks)

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