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BRS Y1 > Week 7- Cardiorespiratory Mechanics > Flashcards

Week 7- Cardiorespiratory Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the flow volume loop in someone with mild obstructive disease?

A

It is displaced to the left and theres and indentation on the exhalation curve

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2
Q

What happens to the flow volume loop in someone with severe obstructive disease?

A

Shorter curve displaced to the left with an indentation on the exhalation curve

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3
Q

What happens to the flow volume loop in someone with restrictive disease?

A

Displaced to the right with a narrower curve overall

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4
Q

What is important to note when displacing flow volume loops?

A

The direction of the x axis

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5
Q

What happens to the flow volume loop in someone with variable extrathoracic obstruction?

A

Blunted at the bottom, otherwise normal

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6
Q

What happens to the flow volume loop in someone with variable intrathoracic obstruction?

A

Blunted expiratory curve at the top thats otherwise normal

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7
Q

What happens to the flow volume loop in someone with fixed airway obstruction?

A

Blunted at both halves otherwise normal

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8
Q

Why do arteries and arterioles have a lot of smooth muscle in their walls?

A

To regulate their diameters and control resistance to blood flow

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9
Q

What is the equation for blood pressure?

A

Cardiac output x resistance

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10
Q

What 3 variables does resistance to flow depend on?

A

Fluid viscosity
Length of the tube
Inner radius of the tube

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11
Q

What does halving the radius do to the flow?

A

Decreases flow by 16 times

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12
Q

Describe laminar flow

A

The velocity of the fluid is constant at any one point and flows inlayers, flows fastest closest to center of lumen

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13
Q

Describe turbulent flow

A

Blood flows erratically, forming eddys and is prone to pooling, associated with pathophysiological changed in the endothelial lining of vessels

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14
Q

What is the equation for pulse pressure?

A

Systolic BP- diastolic BP

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15
Q

What is the equation for MAP?

A

Diastolic BP + one third pulse pressure

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16
Q

What does a negative transumral pressure indicate?

A

Collapsed pressure

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17
Q

What is compliance?

A

The tendency to distort under pressure

18
Q

What is elastance?

A

The tendency to recoil to its original volume

19
Q

What is the equation for compliance?

A

Change in volume/change in pressure

20
Q

What is the equation for elastance?

A

Change in pressure/change in volume

21
Q

What happens to pressure in the aorta and ventricle when the aortic valve closes? Why is this?

A

Ventricular pressure falls rapidly
Aortic pressure falls slowly

Because elasticity of vessel is related to the compliance

22
Q

What happens to pulse pressure as arterial compliance decreases?

A

Pulse pressure increases

23
Q

How do varicose veins arise?

A

Incompetent valves causes dialated superficial veins

24
Q

How does oedema in the feet arise?

A

Prolonged elevation of venous pressure

25
Q

What is aneurysmal disease?

A

When vessel walls weaken causing a balloon like distention, according to law of LaPlace for the same internal pressure due to increased radius, more internal force must be increased. If muscle fibers have weakened this force cannot be created and the aneurysm will expand until it ruptures

26
Q

What is compliance?

A

The relationship between transmural pressure and vessel volume

27
Q

How do venous and arterial compliance differ?

A

Venous complaince is 10/20 times greater

28
Q

What happens to change in volume during inspiration and expiration?

A

Vol change increases from zero during inspiration and then decreases during expiration

29
Q

What happens to flow rate during inspiration and expiration?

A

Inspiration: is negative
Expiration: is positive

30
Q

Describe the relationship between resistance and radius according to Poiseuille’s Law

A

Resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the radius

31
Q

What are veins a reservoir for and why?

A

A reservoir for blood volume, because they are highly compliant

32
Q

What vessels provide most resistance to flow?

A

Small arteries/arterioles

33
Q

How is flow regulated in vessels?

A

By varying resistance

34
Q

What flow is heard in a stethoscope when measuring blood pressure?

A

Turbulent flow

35
Q

What is the elasticity of a vessel related to?

A

Compliance

36
Q

Why does pulse pressure fall slowly in the aorta when the aortic valve closes?

A

The elasticity of the aorta is low so it acts as a buffer to change in pulse pressure

37
Q

What happens to pulse pressure as arterial compliance decreases?

A

Pulse pressure increases

38
Q

Describe the entry and exit of blood from the aorta during ejection

A

Blood exits the aorta slower than blood enters the aorta

39
Q

What effect does a fall in intra thoracic pressure have on the vena cava?

A

Opens the vena cava

40
Q

At what place in the lungs is pressure highest?

A

At the top

41
Q

Where are ventilation and perfusion greater in the lungs?

A

At the base

42
Q

Out of ventilation and perfusion, which one varies more between the base and apex of the lung?

A

Ventilation

BRS Y1 (52 decks)

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