Week 5 - Cardiovascular Hypertension Treatment

Question 1

What is the treatment of Hypertension?

Answer 1

• diet and exercise
• diuretics
• SNS drugs
• Vasodilators

Question 2

What are the ABCDEs of hypertension treatment?

Answer 2

A = renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
B = B(a1)-blockers - sympathetic block!
C = channel blockers/modulators (vasodilators)
D = diuretics
E = endothelin antagonists

Question 3

What is the outline of the RAAS

Answer 3

Angiotensinogen
Renin
Angiotensin
ACE
Angiotensin II

Question 4

What type of drugs affect RAAS?

Answer 4

Renin inhibitors
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin II antagonists
Aldosterone antagonists

Question 5

What is the action of B-blockers on hypertension?

Answer 5

Decrease HR,BP, renin secretion

a1 - reduce total peripheral resistance

Question 6

What is the action of ion channel drugs (vasodilators) on hypertension?

Answer 6

increase local tissue blood flow
reduce CAP and CVP
reduce preload and afterload

Question 7

What diuretics are used to treat Hypertension??

Answer 7

Loop
Distal Tubule
K-Sparing

Question 8

What are the actions, site, and side/effects of Loop Diuretics on Hypertension? Giving an example.

Answer 8

• reduce blood vol -> reduce workload of heart
• thick ascending loop of henle
• reduce oedema, heart size,
• hypokalaemia and alkalosis
• furosemide

Question 9

What are the actions, site, and side-effects of Distal Tubule diuretics on Hypertension?

Answer 9

• Inhibit NaCl reabsorption
• distal tubule
• hyponatraemia and hyperuricaemia
• thiazides

Question 10

What are the actions, site, and side/effects of K sparing diuretics on Hypertension? Giving an example.

Answer 10

• inhibit Na reabsorption and decrease K excretion, blocks aldosterone
• collecting tubules
• limited diruesis
• amiloride and elperenone

Question 11

What is the action of Endothelian drugs on hypertension?

Answer 11

• vasoconstriction
• bronchconstriction,
• stimulation of aldosterone secretion – via the ETa receptor subtype